Appel M J, Summers B A
James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Vet Microbiol. 1995 May;44(2-4):187-91. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00011-x.
Many different species of the order Carnivora are susceptible to canine distemper and the mortality rate varies greatly between species. Ailuridae, Canidae, Hyaenidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Ursidae, Viverridae and now Felidae have been reported to be susceptible to canine distemper virus infection. Although distemper outbreaks in dogs, fur farms and in zoo carnivores have been greatly reduced in recent years due to vaccination, there are still regular outbreaks in free-living carnivores. Unexpected outbreaks of canine distemper have occurred in exotic felids in a California wildlife park and in the Serengeti in Tanzania as well as in javelinas (collared peccaries, Tayassu tajacu) in Arizona. Although safe and efficacious in dogs, modified live canine distemper virus vaccines may be dangerous for a variety of zoo and wildlife carnivores, especially red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) and black footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes).
食肉目许多不同物种都易感染犬瘟热，不同物种间的死亡率差异很大。已报道浣熊科、犬科、鬣狗科、鼬科、浣熊科、熊科、灵猫科以及现在的猫科动物都易感染犬瘟热病毒。尽管近年来由于接种疫苗，犬类、毛皮动物养殖场和动物园食肉动物中的犬瘟热疫情已大幅减少，但自由生活的食肉动物中仍时有疫情爆发。加利福尼亚野生动物公园的外来猫科动物、坦桑尼亚塞伦盖蒂的动物以及亚利桑那州的野猪（领西貒，塔亚苏塔亚库）都意外爆发了犬瘟热。虽然改良活犬瘟热病毒疫苗对犬类安全有效，但对各种动物园和野生动物食肉动物，尤其是小熊猫（小熊猫属）和黑足雪貂（黑足鼬）可能是危险的。
