Collins D L, Harrison G
Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Chemistry and Life Sciences Directorate, Bolling AFB, D.C. 20332-0001, USA.
J Vestib Res. 1995 Nov-Dec;5(6):405-10.
Spatial Orientation (SO) under flight conditions is the accurate "integration" of sensory inputs from the dynamic aviation environment that result in safe and effective goal-oriented performance. Insidious sensory mismatches routinely occur during flight, impeding pilot performance. When this sensory dissonance occurs, if not appropriately resolved, it will result in perceived or actual errors in aircraft control that are estimated to cost the Air Force between $150 and $200M per annum in aircraft accidents. A scientific survey was created and administered to 96 F-16C combat pilots after their return from Desert Storm. The survey sought to determine where in the flight profile, and under what conditions, spatial disorientation (SD) episodes occurred. The survey consisted of multiple choice and open-ended questions. The analyses of the data revealed that visual transitions from inside to outside the cockpit (or the reciprocal) under different conditions of flight were associated with the occurrence of SD episodes. The frequency of SD episodes varied depending on visual transitions (or no visual transitions) and types of flight conditions (for example, nighttime and bad weather). This SD survey provided flight information that allowed us to direct research to those areas that were problematic during combat operations.
飞行条件下的空间定向（SO）是对来自动态航空环境的感官输入进行精确“整合”，从而实现安全有效的目标导向操作。飞行过程中经常会出现隐匿性的感官不匹配情况，这会妨碍飞行员的操作。当这种感官失调出现时，如果得不到妥善解决，就会导致飞机操控中出现感知或实际的错误，据估计，这每年会给空军造成1.5亿至2亿美元的飞机事故损失。在96名F-16C战斗机飞行员从“沙漠风暴”行动归来后，开展并实施了一项科学调查。该调查旨在确定空间定向障碍（SD）事件在飞行过程中的发生位置以及发生条件。调查包括多项选择题和开放式问题。数据分析显示，在不同飞行条件下，从驾驶舱内到驾驶舱外（或相反）的视觉转换与SD事件的发生有关。SD事件的发生频率因视觉转换情况（或无视觉转换）以及飞行条件类型（例如夜间和恶劣天气）而异。这项SD调查提供了飞行信息，使我们能够将研究方向指向作战行动中存在问题的那些领域。
