Endsley M R, Rosiles S A
Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
J Vestib Res. 1995 Nov-Dec;5(6):473-85.
The use of three-dimensional auditory technology that provides localization of auditory cues presented through headphones is proposed as a means of providing supplemental information to pilots on the spatial orientation of an aircraft. This technique shows promise for reducing accidents due to spatial disorientation associated with high visual load. A study was conducted using United States Air Force pilots as subjects to determine desirable¿ cue characteristics for accurately localizing auditory cues using this technique. The study examined the use of 9 different cue types at each of 2 frequency levels. It was found that the accuracy of subjects' localization of cues in elevation was greatly enhanced by the use of multidimensional cues that provided redundant elevation information through varying frequencies and distance from the horizon cues in addition to the inherent spatial location information. Trade-offs in azimuth localization accuracy and response time were noted, however. Recommendations are made for further developing and investigating this technique for the aircraft spatial orientation task.
有人提出使用三维听觉技术，该技术可通过耳机呈现听觉线索的定位，以此作为向飞行员提供有关飞机空间方位的补充信息的一种手段。这项技术有望减少因与高视觉负荷相关的空间定向障碍而导致的事故。一项以美国空军飞行员为受试者的研究展开，以确定使用该技术准确定位听觉线索所需的线索特征。该研究在两个频率水平上分别考察了9种不同线索类型的使用情况。研究发现，通过使用多维线索，除了固有的空间位置信息外，还通过改变频率和与地平线线索的距离提供冗余的仰角信息，受试者在仰角方向上对线索的定位准确性得到了极大提高。然而，在方位定位准确性和响应时间方面存在权衡。针对进一步开发和研究该技术用于飞机空间定向任务提出了建议。
