Czerniecki J M
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Mar;77(3 Suppl):S3-8. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90236-1.
This self-directed learning module highlights new advances in this topic area. It is part of the chapter on rehabilitation in limb deficiency in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article discusses normal gait, the influence of prosthetic alignment on amputee function, and the effects of prosthetic components on the metabolic costs and the biomechanical function of the amputee. The biomechanics of normal ambulation are presented as a background to enable the practitioner to gain an understanding of the typical gait adaptations that occur in below-knee and above-knee amputees. The effects of newer prosthetic components and socket designs on the biomechanical adaptations are reviewed. The metabolic costs of amputee ambulation are significantly greater than normal. The theoretical mechanisms for this are discussed, and the effects of newer socket designs, ultra-light-weight components, and energy-storing prosthetic components are presented.
这个自主学习模块重点介绍了该主题领域的新进展。它是针对物理医学与康复领域的从业者和学员的自主物理治疗教育计划中肢体缺损康复章节的一部分。本文讨论了正常步态、假肢对线对截肢者功能的影响，以及假肢组件对截肢者代谢成本和生物力学功能的影响。介绍正常行走的生物力学作为背景知识，以使从业者能够了解膝下和膝上截肢者出现的典型步态适应性变化。回顾了新型假肢组件和接受腔设计对生物力学适应性的影响。截肢者行走的代谢成本明显高于正常人。文中讨论了其理论机制，并介绍了新型接受腔设计、超轻量级组件和储能假肢组件的影响。
