Sexton A J, Loesch A, Turmaine M, Miah S, Burnstock G
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Centre for Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Cell Tissue Res. 1996 Apr;284(1):167-75. doi: 10.1007/s004410050577.
Human umbilical vessels are devoid of nerves and therefore endothelial cells may play an important role in the control of feto-placental blood flow. The pharmacological effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine and endothelin were examined in umbilical arteries and veins from legal terminations (gestational age 8-17 weeks, n=12) and normal term vaginal deliveries (gestational age 38-41, n=12). Immunocytochemistry of human unbilical vessels indicated that 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine and endothelin were localised in subpopulations of endothelial cells of both artery and vein in late, but not early, pregnancy. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (10 nM-30 microM) caused sustained concentration-dependent contractions in all vessels from early and late pregnancy. Histamine (0.1 microM-30 mM) also caused sustained contractions in all vessels from late pregnancy but only 27% of arteries and 41% of veins from early pregnancy responded. Endothelin (10 pM-30 nM) caused slow long-lasting contractions in all vessels from early and late pregnancy. Atrial natriuretic peptide and neuropeptide Y did not alter vascular tone. The endothelium may thus play an autocrine/paracrine role, by synthesizing and releasing the above reactive substances in late pregnancy to influence feto-placental blood flow.
人脐血管没有神经，因此内皮细胞可能在胎儿 - 胎盘血流控制中发挥重要作用。研究了5-羟色胺、组胺和内皮素对来自合法终止妊娠（孕龄8 - 17周，n = 12）和足月正常阴道分娩（孕龄38 - 41周，n = 12）的脐动脉和静脉的药理作用。人脐血管的免疫细胞化学表明，5-羟色胺、组胺和内皮素在妊娠晚期而非早期定位于动脉和静脉内皮细胞亚群中。5-羟色胺（10 nM - 30 microM）在妊娠早期和晚期的所有血管中引起持续的浓度依赖性收缩。组胺（0.1 microM - 30 mM）在妊娠晚期的所有血管中也引起持续收缩，但妊娠早期只有27%的动脉和41%的静脉有反应。内皮素（10 pM - 30 nM）在妊娠早期和晚期的所有血管中引起缓慢持久的收缩。心房利钠肽和神经肽Y不改变血管张力。因此，内皮可能通过在妊娠晚期合成和释放上述活性物质来发挥自分泌/旁分泌作用，以影响胎儿 - 胎盘血流。
