Gumbiner B M
Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Cell. 1996 Feb 9;84(3):345-57. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81279-9.
A variety of cell adhesion mechanisms underlie the way that cells are organized in tissues. Stable cell interactions are needed to maintain the structural integrity of tissues, and dynamic changes in cell adhesion participate in the morphogenesis of developing tissues. Stable interactions actually require active adhesion mechanisms that are very similar to those involved in tissue dynamics. Adhesion mechanisms are highly regulated during tissue morphogenesis and are intimately related to the processes of cell motility and cell migration. In particular, the cadherins and the integrins have been implicated in the control of cell movement. Cadherin mediated cell compaction and cellular rearrangements may be analogous to integrin-mediated cell spreading and motility on the ECM. Regulation of cell adhesion can occur at several levels, including affinity modulation, clustering, and coordinated interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Structural studies have begun to provide a picture of how the binding properties of adhesion receptors themselves might be regulated. However, regulation of tissue morphogenesis requires complex interactions between the adhesion receptors, the cytoskeleton, and networks of signaling pathways. Signals generated locally by the adhesion receptors themselves are involved in the regulation of cell adhesion. These regulatory pathways are also influenced by extrinsic signals arising from the classic growth factor receptors. Furthermore, signals generated locally be adhesion junctions can interact with classic signal transduction pathways to help control cell growth and differentiation. This coupling between physical adhesion and developmental signaling provides a mechanism to tightly integrate physical aspects of tissue morphogenesis with cell growth and differentiation, a coordination that is essential to achieve the intricate patterns of cells in tissues.
多种细胞黏附机制构成了细胞在组织中组织方式的基础。维持组织的结构完整性需要稳定的细胞相互作用，而细胞黏附的动态变化参与了发育中组织的形态发生。稳定的相互作用实际上需要与组织动态过程中所涉及的机制非常相似的主动黏附机制。在组织形态发生过程中，黏附机制受到高度调控，并且与细胞运动和细胞迁移过程密切相关。特别是，钙黏蛋白和整合素已被认为参与了细胞运动的控制。钙黏蛋白介导的细胞压实和细胞重排可能类似于整合素介导的细胞在细胞外基质上的铺展和运动。细胞黏附的调节可以发生在多个水平，包括亲和力调节、聚集以及与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的协同相互作用。结构研究已经开始描绘黏附受体自身的结合特性可能如何被调节。然而，组织形态发生的调节需要黏附受体、细胞骨架和信号通路网络之间的复杂相互作用。黏附受体自身局部产生的信号参与细胞黏附的调节。这些调节途径也受到经典生长因子受体产生的外在信号的影响。此外，黏附连接局部产生的信号可以与经典信号转导途径相互作用，以帮助控制细胞生长和分化。物理黏附与发育信号之间的这种耦合提供了一种机制，将组织形态发生的物理方面与细胞生长和分化紧密整合，这种协调对于实现组织中细胞的复杂模式至关重要。
