Nicklas T A, Myers L, Farris R P, Srinivasan S R, Berenson G S
Department of Applied Health Science, Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2824, USA.
J Nutr. 1996 May;126(5):1382-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/126.5.1382.
To study the nutritional adequacy of a high carbohydrate diet as consumed by children in a 24-h period, a sample of 568 10-y-old children was stratified into four levels of carbohydrate intake: < 45% of total energy (kJ), 45%-50% energy, 50%-55% energy, and >55% energy. Composition of the diet for those consuming >55% energy from carbohydrates was adequate in total energy, with 29% energy from fat, 11 % energy from saturated fatty acid, an average of 88 mg dietary cholesterol/4200 kJ and less than 10% energy from sucrose. Increased carbohydrate intake was attributed to an increased consumption of total sugars, starch and fiber. The percentage of children meeting two thirds or more of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for niacin and zinc was lower in the high carbohydrate intake group than in any of the low carbohydrate intake groups. Children with a high carbohydrate intake consumed more fruits, breads, grains, milk, desserts, candy and non-dairy beverages than those with a lower carbohydrate intake who consumed more meats. To meet current dietary recommendations for increased carbohydrate intake when meal patterns are designed, it is necessary to incorporate adequate amounts of foods from all of the food groups to maximize nutritional quality.
为研究儿童在24小时内所摄入的高碳水化合物饮食的营养充足性，选取了568名10岁儿童作为样本，根据碳水化合物摄入量分为四个水平：占总能量（千焦）的比例<45%、45%-50%能量、50%-55%能量以及>55%能量。碳水化合物能量摄入>55%的人群的饮食组成在总能量方面是充足的，其中脂肪供能29%，饱和脂肪酸供能11%，平均每4200千焦饮食胆固醇含量为88毫克，蔗糖供能低于10%。碳水化合物摄入量的增加归因于总糖、淀粉和纤维消耗量的增加。高碳水化合物摄入组中，烟酸和锌摄入量达到或超过推荐膳食摄入量三分之二的儿童比例低于任何低碳水化合物摄入组。高碳水化合物摄入的儿童比低碳水化合物摄入且肉类食用量更多的儿童食用了更多的水果、面包、谷物、牛奶、甜点、糖果和非乳类饮料。在设计饮食模式时，为满足当前关于增加碳水化合物摄入量的膳食建议，有必要纳入各类食物的适量摄入，以实现营养质量最大化。
