Dinman J D
Section on Genetics of Simple Eukaryotes, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Yeast. 1995 Sep 30;11(12):1115-27. doi: 10.1002/yea.320111202.
Proper maintenance of translational reading frame by ribosomes is essential for cell growth and viability. In the last 10 years it has been shown that a number of viruses induce ribosomes to shift reading frame in order to regulate the expression of gene products having enzymatic functions. Studies on ribosomal frameshifting in viruses of yeast have been particularly enlightening. The roles of viral mRNA sequences and secondary structures have been elucidated and a picture of how these interact with host chromosomal gene products is beginning to emerge. The efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting is important for viral particle assembly, and has identified ribosomal frameshifting as a potential target for antiviral agents. The availability of mutants of host chromosomal gene products involved in maintaining the efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting bodes well for the use of yeast in future studies of ribosomal frameshifting.
核糖体正确维持翻译阅读框对于细胞生长和生存能力至关重要。在过去十年中，已表明许多病毒会诱导核糖体改变阅读框，以调节具有酶功能的基因产物的表达。对酵母病毒中核糖体移码的研究尤其具有启发性。病毒mRNA序列和二级结构的作用已得到阐明，并且这些与宿主染色体基因产物如何相互作用的情况正开始显现。核糖体移码效率对于病毒颗粒组装很重要，并且已将核糖体移码确定为抗病毒药物的潜在靶点。参与维持核糖体移码效率的宿主染色体基因产物突变体的可得性，对于在未来核糖体移码研究中使用酵母来说是个好兆头。
