Gandolfo F, Mussa-Ivaldi F A, Bizzi E
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139-4307, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 30;93(9):3843-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.9.3843.
We investigated how human subjects adapt to forces perturbing the motion of their ams. We found that this kind of learning is based on the capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) to predict and therefore to cancel externally applied perturbing forces. Our experimental results indicate: (i) that the ability of the CNS to compensate for the perturbing forces is restricted to those spatial locations where the perturbations have been experienced by the moving arm. The subjects also are able to compensate for forces experienced at neighboring workspace locations. However, adaptation decays smoothly and quickly with distance from the locations where disturbances had been sensed by the moving limb. (ii) Our experiments also how that the CNS builds an internal model of the external perturbing forces in intrinsic (muscles and / or joints) coordinates.
我们研究了人类受试者如何适应干扰其手臂运动的力。我们发现，这种学习基于中枢神经系统（CNS）预测并因此抵消外部施加的干扰力的能力。我们的实验结果表明：（i）中枢神经系统补偿干扰力的能力仅限于运动手臂经历过扰动的那些空间位置。受试者也能够补偿在相邻工作空间位置所经历的力。然而，随着与运动肢体感知到干扰的位置的距离增加，适应性会迅速且平稳地衰减。（ii）我们的实验还表明，中枢神经系统在内置（肌肉和/或关节）坐标中构建外部干扰力的内部模型。
