Koppel B S, Poon T P, Khandji A, Pavlakis S G, Pedley T A
Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, New York, USA.
J Neuroimaging. 1996 Apr;6(2):122-5. doi: 10.1111/jon199662122.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) had largely disappeared from the United States because of nearly universal measles vaccination, but it has reemerged in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two children with SSPE are described. The first was HIV positive and presented with seizures and encephalopathy at the age of 21 months. The second developed myoclonus and dementia at age 4 years; she was not infected with HIV, but her mother had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were nonspecific and could have been compatible with HIV encephalopathy. Electroencephalography was characteristic of SSPE, showing high-voltage, periodic slow-wave complexes and background slowing. The diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed by brain biopsy or high measles antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid.
由于麻疹疫苗几乎普及接种，亚急性硬化性全脑炎（SSPE）在美国已基本消失，但在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的儿童中又重新出现。本文描述了两名患有SSPE的儿童。第一名儿童HIV呈阳性，21个月大时出现癫痫发作和脑病。第二名儿童4岁时出现肌阵挛和痴呆；她未感染HIV，但她的母亲患有获得性免疫缺陷综合征。磁共振成像结果不具有特异性，可能与HIV脑病相符。脑电图具有SSPE的特征，表现为高电压、周期性慢波复合波和背景减慢。SSPE的诊断通过脑活检或脑脊液中高麻疹抗体滴度得以证实。
