Simon F, Corbett C
Department of Law, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.
Ergonomics. 1996 May;39(5):757-80. doi: 10.1080/00140139608964497.
This paper draws on data gathered during a larger study of driving behaviour to explore possible connections between stress, offending against the traffic laws, and accident rates, and gives particular attention to comparisons between male and female drivers. Data were gathered from 422 drivers by a postal questionnaire, and further measures of stress were obtained during semi-structured interviews with a specially selected subset of 66 of them. Analyses of variance investigated links between offending rates, accident history, and up to seven measures of stress, taking age and gender into account. In the results accident history, although positively related to offending, played little part in links involving stress variables. The principal findings were that (a) stress, both on and off the road, was positively associated with offending among both male and female drivers, and (b) although females overall offended less than males, females experienced more stress than males whatever their level of offending. One possible interpretation of these results is suggested by the feminist literature, which could account for both the higher levels of stress and lower levels of offending found among women drivers. However, there is unlikely to be a clear-cut gender divide in offending-stress relationships, and some small groups of female drivers in the study behaved like male ones. It is suggested that people's driving reflects their lifestyles, and that women drivers' patterns of offending and stress will resemble those of male drivers to the extent that their lives and concerns are similar to men's. It is concluded that this position warrants further research.
本文借鉴了在一项关于驾驶行为的大型研究中收集的数据，以探讨压力、违反交通法规与事故率之间的可能联系，并特别关注男性和女性驾驶员之间的比较。通过邮政问卷从422名驾驶员那里收集了数据，并在对其中特别挑选的66人进行半结构化访谈期间获得了进一步的压力测量数据。方差分析研究了违规率、事故历史以及多达七种压力测量指标之间的联系，同时考虑了年龄和性别因素。在结果中，事故历史虽然与违规呈正相关，但在涉及压力变量的联系中作用不大。主要发现是：（a）无论在路上还是路外，压力与男性和女性驾驶员的违规行为均呈正相关；（b）尽管女性总体违规比男性少，但无论违规程度如何，女性比男性经历的压力更大。女权主义文献对这些结果提出了一种可能的解释，这可以说明女性驾驶员中较高的压力水平和较低的违规水平。然而，在违规 - 压力关系中不太可能存在明显的性别差异，并且研究中的一些小群体女性驾驶员的行为与男性驾驶员类似。有人认为，人们的驾驶反映了他们的生活方式，并且女性驾驶员的违规和压力模式将在其生活和关注点与男性相似的程度上与男性驾驶员相似。得出的结论是，这一观点值得进一步研究。
