Flynn M R, Lackey B D, Muthedath P
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 May;57(5):469-75. doi: 10.1080/15428119691014828.
The observation that the between-worker variance component of exposure is significant for those performing the same tasks suggests that work practices are an important determinant of exposure. Decisions to implement engineering controls may be less than optimal if these work practices are not carefully identified. This study examines the position of the worker with respect to an object and the airflow direction in a large booth-type hood, and its implications for control of exposure. Experiments are conducted in a wind-tunnel using a mannequin and tracer gas techniques to measure exposures in the various positions at different air velocities. Smoke-wire, flow-visualization techniques are employed to correlate the exposures with the airflow patterns. Numerical predictions of these flow patterns and exposures compare favorably with experimental data, despite limitations. Further work is underway to examine more realistic situations such as spray-painting applications.
对于执行相同任务的工人而言，暴露的工人间方差分量显著这一观察结果表明，工作实践是暴露的一个重要决定因素。如果这些工作实践没有被仔细识别，那么实施工程控制的决策可能并非最优。本研究考察了工人在大型棚式通风柜中相对于一个物体的位置以及气流方向，及其对暴露控制的影响。实验在风洞中利用人体模型和示踪气体技术进行，以测量不同风速下各个位置的暴露情况。采用烟丝、流动可视化技术将暴露情况与气流模式关联起来。尽管存在局限性，但这些气流模式和暴露情况的数值预测与实验数据吻合良好。正在开展进一步的工作以考察更实际的情况，如喷漆应用。
