Spital A
University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY, USA.
Ann Intern Med. 1996 Jul 1;125(1):66-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00010.
A severe shortage of organs greatly limits the ability to deliver the miracle of transplantation to people suffering from end-stage organ disease. Contributing to this shortage is a high rate of refusal among families who are asked for permission to remove organs from a recently deceased relative. Mandated choice offers an alternative to obtaining consent from the family by returning control to the individual. This plan would require all adults to record their wishes about posthumous organ donation and would consider those wishes binding. By moving the decision-making process to a relaxed setting and ensuring that a person's wishes would be honored, mandated choice would hopefully take advantage of favorable public attitudes toward donation and thereby facilitate organ procurement. Preliminary research suggests that public commitment to organ donation would increase under mandated choice. A pilot study of this promising proposal should be undertaken.
器官的严重短缺极大地限制了将移植这一奇迹带给终末期器官疾病患者的能力。导致这种短缺的一个因素是,在被请求允许从最近去世的亲属身上摘取器官时,家属的拒绝率很高。强制选择提供了一种替代方案,即通过将控制权交还给个人来获得家属的同意。该计划将要求所有成年人记录他们对死后器官捐赠的意愿,并将这些意愿视为具有约束力。通过将决策过程转移到一个宽松的环境中,并确保一个人的意愿得到尊重,强制选择有望利用公众对捐赠的积极态度,从而促进器官获取。初步研究表明,在强制选择下,公众对器官捐赠的承诺将会增加。应该对这一有前景的提议进行一项试点研究。