Nagy V, Zámolyi K, Szegedi N, Szegedi N, Székács B
Belgyógyászati Klinika, Semmelweis Orvostudományi Egyetem.
Orv Hetil. 1996 Apr 28;137(17):913-21.
Hypertensive emergency is an acute, perilous state connected with a marked increase of peripheral vascular resistance and the decrease of tissue perfusion. Its development depends on the rate of blood pressure elevation, on the severity of developed hypertension and the state of the vascular system. Although hypertensive emergencies can be grouped also on symptomatological and etiological basis, regarding the therapeutic measures to be taken, they appear in two well distinguishable forms. In case of hypertensive crisis treatment has to be started without delay, possibly in a few minutes, in states involving the risk of hypertensive crisis treatment has to be initiated within a few hours to avoid extensive damage of the vital organs or fatal outcome. The acute, but controlled reduction of blood pressure must not surpass 15-25% of the medium value. In hypertensive crisis, if possible, parenteral medication--as first aid--urapidil, verapamil, in states with endangering hypertensive crisis sublingual nifedipine, captopril, nitroglycerin may be applied, however in the different emergency states therapeutic intervention has to be individually determined.
高血压急症是一种急性、危险的状态，与外周血管阻力显著增加和组织灌注减少有关。其发展取决于血压升高的速度、已患高血压的严重程度以及血管系统的状态。尽管高血压急症也可根据症状学和病因学进行分类，但就应采取的治疗措施而言，它们表现为两种明显不同的形式。在高血压危象的情况下，必须立即开始治疗，可能在几分钟内进行；在存在高血压危象风险的状态下，必须在数小时内开始治疗，以避免重要器官的广泛损害或致命后果。血压的急性但可控降低不得超过平均值的15% - 25%。在高血压危象中，如有可能，可采用静脉用药——作为急救措施——如乌拉地尔、维拉帕米；在危及高血压危象的状态下，可舌下含服硝苯地平、卡托普利、硝酸甘油，然而在不同的紧急状态下，治疗干预必须个体化确定。
