Holyoake P K, Dial G D, Trigg T, King V L
Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3543-51. doi: 10.2527/1995.73123543x.
A study was undertaken on a commercial swine farm to investigate methods of reducing perinatal mortality. During a 12-wk period, 251 sows and gilts were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups in a 2 x 2 factorial design: 1) supervised/induced, 2) supervised/non-induced, 3) unsupervised/induced, and 4) unsupervised/non-induced. Supervised groups of sows and their litter were observed constantly for a minimum of 3 h before and until 3 d after farrowing. The onset of farrowing was induced with 250 micrograms of cloprostenol administered into the vulvo-vestibular mucosa. There was an increase (P = .012) in the number of pigs weaned from supervised (10.17 pigs/litter) relative to unsupervised group (9.44 pigs/litter). This increase was due to a reduction (P = .001) in both the number of stillborn pigs and the mortality of live-born pigs (P = .026). The latter resulted from fewer pigs that died (P = .003). Induction did not influence the mortality of pigs in the perinatal period in unsupervised groups. Induced sows farrowed an average of .43 d earlier than non-induced sows (P = .029). The mean interval from prostaglandin treatment to farrowing was 23.87 h (SD = 10.96). The results of this study suggest that a controlled farrowing system, coupled with good supervision, can improve pig survival. Financial analyses, based on improvements in pig survival resulting from additional labor in the farrowing house, suggested that this method of reducing preweaning mortality is a viable option for improving the profitability of commercial pig farms.
在一个商业养猪场进行了一项研究，以调查降低围产期死亡率的方法。在12周的时间里，251头母猪和后备母猪被随机分配到2×2析因设计的四个处理组之一：1）有监督/诱导分娩，2）有监督/非诱导分娩，3）无监督/诱导分娩，4）无监督/非诱导分娩。对有监督组的母猪及其仔猪在分娩前至少3小时直至分娩后3天进行持续观察。通过向阴门前庭黏膜注射250微克氯前列醇来诱导分娩。与无监督组（每窝9.44头仔猪）相比，有监督组（每窝10.17头仔猪）断奶仔猪数量增加（P = 0.012）。这种增加是由于死产仔猪数量减少（P = 0.001）以及出生仔猪死亡率降低（P = 0.026）。后者是因为死亡仔猪数量减少（P = 0.003）。诱导分娩对无监督组仔猪的围产期死亡率没有影响。诱导分娩的母猪比未诱导分娩的母猪平均早0.43天分娩（P = 0.029）。从前列腺素治疗到分娩的平均间隔时间为23.87小时（标准差 = 10.96）。本研究结果表明，一个可控的分娩系统，再加上良好的监督，可以提高仔猪存活率。基于产房额外劳动力带来的仔猪存活率提高进行的财务分析表明，这种降低断奶前死亡率的方法是提高商业养猪场盈利能力的可行选择。
