Hart E, Anthrop C
Department of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, Nottingham University Medical School, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Mar;23(3):454-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb00006.x.
This paper identifies the need for a debate about the appropriateness of action research for nursing as it seeks to achieve the status of a research-based profession. It also identifies a related need to inform such a debate by bringing together three sets of writings that are not normally united in the nursing research literature-those of action research, organizational culture and professionalization. In nursing, as in education, action research is being deployed as part of a professionalizing strategy, since amongst other things it seems to offer a means of developing reflective practitioners and of producing knowledge for practice. The increasing popularity of action research amongst nurse researchers suggests that it is seen to reflect the attributes to which nursing aspires as a profession, including a concern to realize humanistic values. Action research was embraced by the teaching profession before nursing, and nurse researchers are increasingly drawing on the ideas of influential educationalists in defining action research as an emancipatory strategy and a form of collaborative enquiry rooted in reflective practice. This paper argues that in the managerialist context of the British National Health Service action research may be reduced from a participatory methodology into a method for getting people to collaborate with managerial goals and internalize the values of the corporate culture. The danger is that in the name of reflective practice nursing work may become increasingly individualized. The challenge for action research in nursing is how to respond to this dilemma, and this may require looking critically at the managerial values underpinning the NHS reforms and at the organizational context in which action research strategies are deployed.
随着护理行业努力实现基于研究的专业地位，本文指出有必要就行动研究在护理领域的适用性展开辩论。文章还指出了另一个相关需求，即通过整合护理研究文献中通常未结合在一起的三组著作——行动研究、组织文化和专业化方面的著作，为这一辩论提供信息。在护理领域，与教育领域一样，行动研究正被用作专业化战略的一部分，因为除其他外，它似乎提供了一种培养反思性从业者以及为实践生成知识的方法。行动研究在护士研究者中越来越受欢迎，这表明它被视为反映了护理行业所追求的属性，包括对实现人文价值的关注。行动研究在护理之前就被教学专业所接受，护士研究者越来越多地借鉴有影响力的教育学家的观点，将行动研究定义为一种解放性战略以及一种植根于反思性实践的合作探究形式。本文认为，在英国国民医疗服务体系的管理主义背景下，行动研究可能会从一种参与性方法沦为一种让人们与管理目标合作并内化企业文化价值观的方法。危险在于，以反思性实践之名，护理工作可能会变得越来越个体化。护理领域行动研究面临的挑战是如何应对这一困境，这可能需要批判性地审视国民医疗服务体系改革背后的管理价值观以及部署行动研究策略的组织背景。
