Holter I M, Schwartz-Barcott D
Institute of Nursing Science, University of Oslo, Norway.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 Feb;18(2):298-304. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18020298.x.
Action research has enjoyed increasing popularity across a wide variety of disciplines including nursing. Action research was designed specifically to bridge the gap between theory, research and practice and incorporates both humanistic and naturalistic scientific methods. As such, action research is a highly compelling method for nursing. However, action research does not easily lend itself to definition. A variety of approaches, definitions and uses have emerged since it was created by Kurt Lewin and have given rise to much debate within social and behavioural sciences. This confusion has carried over into nursing literature without any systematic identification of or debate about the core characteristics of action research or the multitude of approaches or uses that have come to be associated with this method. Thus this paper addresses the central characteristics, three major approaches to action research that exist today and how action research has been used and can be used in nursing.
行动研究在包括护理学在内的广泛学科中越来越受欢迎。行动研究专门设计用于弥合理论、研究和实践之间的差距，并融合了人文主义和自然主义科学方法。因此，行动研究是一种极具吸引力的护理方法。然而，行动研究并不容易给出定义。自库尔特·勒温创立行动研究以来，出现了各种方法、定义和用途，在社会和行为科学领域引发了诸多争论。这种混乱也延续到了护理文献中，对于行动研究的核心特征、与之相关的众多方法或用途，既没有进行系统的识别，也没有展开讨论。因此，本文阐述了行动研究的核心特征、当今存在的三种主要行动研究方法，以及行动研究在护理中是如何被应用的，以及可以如何应用。
