Krueger R F, Caspi A, Moffitt T E, White J, Stouthamer-Loeber M
University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
J Pers. 1996 Mar;64(1):107-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00816.x.
We assessed the delay of gratification behavior of 428 twelve- and thirteen-year-old boys, half of whom were known to manifest symptoms of behavioral disturbance. Consistent with the hypothesis that low self-control is a risk factor specific to externalizing (aggressive and delinquent) disorders, boys who showed signs of externalizing disorders tended to seek immediate gratification in a laboratory task more often than both nondisordered boys and boys who showed signs of internalizing (anxious and depressed) disorders. In addition, children who were able to delay immediate gratification were described by their mothers as ego controlled, ego resilient, conscientious, open to experience, and agreeable. These results suggest that poor delay of gratification may be one of a select number of specific risk factors for externalizing disorder, and that good delay of gratification is linked to multiple adaptive tendencies in early adolescence.
我们评估了428名12岁和13岁男孩的延迟满足行为，其中一半男孩表现出行为障碍症状。与低自我控制是外化（攻击和违法）障碍特有的风险因素这一假设一致，表现出外化障碍迹象的男孩在实验室任务中比无行为障碍的男孩和表现出内化（焦虑和抑郁）障碍迹象的男孩更倾向于寻求即时满足。此外，母亲们将能够延迟即时满足的孩子描述为有自我控制能力、有自我恢复力、尽责、乐于接受新体验且和蔼可亲。这些结果表明，延迟满足能力差可能是外化障碍的少数特定风险因素之一，而良好的延迟满足能力与青春期早期的多种适应性倾向有关。
