Cohen D, Nisbett R E, Bowdle B F, Schwarz N
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 May;70(5):945-59. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.5.945.
Three experiments examined how norms characteristic of a "culture of honor" manifest themselves in the cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and physiological reactions of southern White males. Participants were University of Michigan students who grew up in the North or South. In 3 experiments they were insulted by a confederate who bumped into the participant and called him an "asshole". Compared with northerners--who were relatively unaffected by the insult--southerners were (a) more likely to think their masculine reputation was threatened, (b) more upset (as shown by a rise in cortisol levels), (c) more physiologically primed for aggression (as shown by a rise in testosterone levels), (d) more cognitively primed for aggression, and (e) more likely to engage in aggressive and dominant behavior. Findings highlight the insult-aggression cycle in cultures of honor, in which insults diminish a man's reputation and he tries to restore his status by aggressive or violent behavior.
三项实验研究了“荣誉文化”的典型规范如何在南方白人男性的认知、情感、行为和生理反应中体现出来。参与者是在北方或南方长大的密歇根大学学生。在三项实验中，他们被一名同盟者侮辱，该同盟者撞到参与者并称他为“混蛋”。与相对不受侮辱影响的北方人相比，南方人：（a）更有可能认为自己的男性声誉受到威胁；（b）更心烦意乱（表现为皮质醇水平上升）；（c）在生理上更倾向于攻击行为（表现为睾酮水平上升）；（d）在认知上更倾向于攻击行为；（e）更有可能参与攻击和支配行为。研究结果突出了荣誉文化中的侮辱-攻击循环，即侮辱会损害一个人的声誉，而他会试图通过攻击或暴力行为来恢复自己的地位。
