Neuschl J, Kacmár P
University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Vet Med (Praha). 1995 Dec;40(12):383-6.
Basic information about a toxicologic hazard of the pyrethroid supermethrin (Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Bratislava) is presented in this paper for the conditions of acute intoxication in rabbits and pheasants and in the conditions of subacute intoxication in pheasants. The insecticide supermethrin under observation contains a cyanide groups in its molecule and can be included in the group of type II pyrethroids comprising among other substances also cypermethrin. Supermethrin is an analog of the latter and it has a different proportion of cis- and trans-isomers. At acute intoxication, supermethrin was applied to adult rabbits at doses of 2,000; 3,000; 4,000; 5,000 and 6,000 mg/kg and to adult pheasants at doses of 2,000; 4,000; 5,000 and 6,000 mg/kg live weight. Supermethrin dissolved in sunflower oil at a 1:2 ratio was administered in the above differentiated doses at single application by a peroral tube. Not even the highest supermethrin dose (6,000 mg/kg live weight) caused any clinical signs of intoxication in the birds. This fact suggests that its LD50 for rabbits and pheasants will apparently exceed the value of 6,000 mg/kg l.w. At subacute intoxication, supermethrin was applied as dissolved in sunflower oil (at a 1:2 ratio) by per os tube at a dose of 500 mg/kg l.w. once a day within five days. The subacute doses of supermethrin did not induce, besides mild diarrhea at the end of the trial, any other clinical signs of intoxication in the pheasants. The negative effect of supermethrin (even though negligible) on the digestive tract of pheasants is in agreement with the results determined in sheep in the conditions of subchronic intoxication (Neuschl et al., 1995), Supermethrin administration in sheep resulted in permanent and intensive diarrheas. These findings clearly indicate that supermethrin administered at lower doses primarily affects the function of digestive tract. Tab. 1 shows the effect of supermethrin on the live weight of pheasants in the conditions of subacute intoxication. The negligible decrease in live weight recorded at the end of the trial was not due to supermethrin effects. It was also recorded in the control group. There were no significant differences between the control and experimental group. It was probably induced by the stress resulting from daily applications of the tested substance. In case the guidelines for its areal application (140 g/ha) are observed, it will not be toxic for rabbits and pheasants nor probably for hares and/or other gallinaceous birds. Supermethrin seems to be a little toxic substance according to WHO (1975) classification.
本文介绍了拟除虫菊酯高效氯氰菊酯（布拉迪斯拉发化学技术研究所）的毒理学危害基本信息，涉及家兔和雉鸡急性中毒情况以及雉鸡亚急性中毒情况。所观察的杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯分子中含有氰基，可归入II型拟除虫菊酯类，该类还包括氯氰菊酯等其他物质。高效氯氰菊酯是后者的类似物，其顺式和反式异构体比例不同。急性中毒时，将高效氯氰菊酯以2000、3000、4000、5000和6000毫克/千克的剂量应用于成年家兔，以2000、4000、5000和6000毫克/千克体重的剂量应用于成年雉鸡。将高效氯氰菊酯以1:2的比例溶解在向日葵油中，以上述不同剂量通过口服管单次给药。即使是最高剂量的高效氯氰菊酯（6000毫克/千克体重）也未在鸟类中引起任何中毒的临床症状。这一事实表明，其对家兔和雉鸡的半数致死量显然将超过6000毫克/千克体重的值。亚急性中毒时，将溶解在向日葵油中（1:2比例）的高效氯氰菊酯以500毫克/千克体重的剂量通过口服管每天给药一次，持续五天。高效氯氰菊酯的亚急性剂量除了在试验末期引起轻度腹泻外，未在雉鸡中诱发任何其他中毒的临床症状。高效氯氰菊酯对雉鸡消化道的负面影响（尽管微不足道）与在绵羊亚慢性中毒条件下的研究结果一致（Neuschl等人，1995年），给绵羊施用高效氯氰菊酯导致持续性剧烈腹泻。这些发现清楚地表明，较低剂量施用高效氯氰菊酯主要影响消化道功能。表1显示了高效氯氰菊酯在亚急性中毒条件下对雉鸡体重的影响。试验末期记录的体重微不足道的下降并非由高效氯氰菊酯的作用引起。对照组也有记录。对照组和实验组之间没有显著差异。这可能是由于每天施用受试物质所产生的应激所致。如果遵守其田间施用指南（140克/公顷），它对家兔和雉鸡无毒，对野兔和/或其他鸡形目鸟类可能也无毒。根据世界卫生组织（1975年）的分类，高效氯氰菊酯似乎是一种低毒物质。
