Caccavo F, Coates J D, Rossello-Mora R A, Ludwig W, Schleifer K H, Lovley D R, McInerney M J
Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 409 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
Arch Microbiol. 1996 Jun;165(6):370-6. doi: 10.1007/s002030050340.
A new, phylogenetically distinct, dissimilatory, Fe(III)-reducing bacterium was isolated from surface sediment of a hydrocarbon-contaminated ditch. The isolate, designated strain PAL-1, was an obligately anaerobic, non-fermentative, motile, gram-negative vibrio. PAL-1 grew in a defined medium with acetate as electron donor and ferric pyrophosphate, ferric oxyhydroxide, ferric citrate, Co(III)-EDTA, or elemental sulfur as sole electron acceptor. PAL-1 also used proline, hydrogen, lactate, propionate, succinate, fumarate, pyruvate, or yeast extract as electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. It is the first bacterium known to couple the oxidation of an amino acid to Fe(III) reduction. PAl-1 did not reduce oxygen, Mn(IV), U(VI), Cr(VI), nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate with acetate as the electron donor. Cell suspensions of PAL-1 exhibited dithionite-reduced minus air-oxidized difference spectra that were characteristic of c-type cytochromes. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of PAL-1 showed that the strain is not related to any of the described metal-reducing bacteria in the Proteobacteria and, together with Flexistipes sinusarabici, forms a separate line of descent within the Bacteria. Phenotypically and phylogenetically, strain PAl-1 differs from all other described bacteria, and represents the type strain of a new genus and species, Geovibrio ferrireducens.
从一条受烃污染沟渠的表层沉积物中分离出一种新的、系统发育上独特的、异化型铁（III）还原菌。该分离菌株命名为PAL-1，是一种专性厌氧、非发酵、具运动性的革兰氏阴性弧菌。PAL-1能在以乙酸盐作为电子供体，焦磷酸铁、氢氧化铁、柠檬酸铁、钴（III）-乙二胺四乙酸或元素硫作为唯一电子受体的限定培养基中生长。PAL-1还利用脯氨酸、氢气、乳酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、丙酮酸盐或酵母提取物作为电子供体来进行铁（III）还原。它是已知的第一种能将氨基酸氧化与铁（III）还原相偶联的细菌。以乙酸盐作为电子供体时，PAL-1不还原氧气、锰（IV）、铀（VI）、铬（VI）、硝酸盐硫酸根、亚硫酸根或硫代硫酸根。PAL-1的细胞悬液呈现出连二亚硫酸盐还原减去空气氧化的差异光谱，这是c型细胞色素的特征。对PAL-1的16S rRNA基因序列分析表明，该菌株与变形菌门中任何已描述的金属还原菌均无关联，并且与阿拉伯湾柔膜菌一起，在细菌域内形成了一个单独的谱系。在表型和系统发育方面，PAL-1菌株与所有其他已描述的细菌不同，代表了一个新属和新种的模式菌株，即铁还原地弧菌。
