Pulkkinen L
Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Jun;70(6):1288-306. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.6.1288.
The personality styles of 137 women and 138 men aged 27 years were examined in an ongoing Finnish longitudinal study in which the participants were first assessed at age 8. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire, personality inventories, and a semistructured interview. Variables covered personality characteristics, life orientation, and behavioral activities. Both women and men fell into two major clusters, the adjusted (3/4) and the conflicted (1/4). Both clusters divided into subclusters; altogether, 7 were extracted for women and men replicating the personality types obtained by J. Block (1971) despite the use of a different methodology in a different culture. The clusters had roots in individuals' emotional and behavioral regulation from the early school years onward, and they also predicted personality characteristics over a period of 6 years when the Big Five personality factors were used as criteria.
在芬兰一项正在进行的纵向研究中，对137名27岁女性和138名27岁男性的人格类型进行了调查，这些参与者在8岁时首次接受评估。数据通过邮寄问卷、人格量表和半结构化访谈收集。变量涵盖人格特征、生活取向和行为活动。女性和男性都分为两个主要类别，即调适型（3/4）和冲突型（1/4）。这两个类别又进一步细分为子类别；总共为女性和男性提取了7种子类别，尽管在不同文化中使用了不同的方法，但这些子类别重现了J. 布洛克（1971年）得出的人格类型。这些类别从早年上学时期起就植根于个体的情绪和行为调节，并且当以大五人格因素为标准时，它们还能预测6年期间的人格特征。
