Caspi Avshalom, Harrington HonaLee, Milne Barry, Amell James W, Theodore Reremoana F, Moffitt Terrie E
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, England.
J Pers. 2003 Aug;71(4):495-513. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.7104001.
We observed 1,000 3-year-old children who exhibited five temperament types: Undercontrolled, Inhibited, Confident, Reserved, and Well-adjusted. Twenty-three years later, we reexamined 96% of the children as adults, using multiple methods of comprehensive personality assessment, including both self- and informant-reports. These longitudinal data provide the longest and strongest evidence to date that children's early-emerging behavioral styles can foretell their characteristic behaviors, thoughts, and feelings as adults, pointing to the foundations of the human personality in the early years of life.
我们观察了1000名3岁儿童，他们表现出五种气质类型：控制不足型、抑制型、自信型、内向型和适应良好型。23年后，我们用多种综合人格评估方法，包括自我报告和他人报告，对96%的儿童进行了成年后的重新评估。这些纵向数据提供了迄今为止最长且最有力的证据，表明儿童早期出现的行为方式能够预示他们成年后的特征行为、思维和情感，揭示了人类人格在生命早期的基础。
