Rajala P, Castrén H
College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Helsinki, Finland.
J Dairy Sci. 1995 Dec;78(12):2737-44. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76904-1.
Fifteen dairy calves were kept with their dams for 5 d after birth and thereafter were fed milk from a nipple pail in individual pens (nursed calves). Another 15 calves were separated from their dams immediately after birth, placed in individual pens, and fed from an open pail (weaned calves). These calves received colostrum for the first three feedings. Serum Ig concentrations and the health of the calves were monitored from birth to 12 wk of age. The serum Ig concentrations developed identically for calves in both groups. A 30-min delay in intake of first colostrum decreased total Ig concentrations in serum by about 2 mg/mL. Occurrence of diarrhea was three times greater for the weaned calves than for the nursed calves. Serum Ig concentrations did not explain the differences in the diarrhea occurrence between the groups. In conclusion, the newborn calves in both management systems acquired equal passive immunity, although the time of first colostrum consumption played an important role. Open pail feeding may increase the incidence of prolonged diarrhea compared with that from nipple feeding.
15头犊牛出生后与母牛一起饲养5天，之后在单独的围栏中从乳头桶中喂奶（哺乳犊牛）。另外15头犊牛出生后立即与母牛分开，放在单独的围栏中，从开口桶中喂奶（断奶犊牛）。这些犊牛在前三次喂食时喂初乳。从出生到12周龄监测犊牛的血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）浓度和健康状况。两组犊牛的血清Ig浓度变化相同。首次摄入初乳延迟30分钟会使血清总Ig浓度降低约2mg/mL。断奶犊牛腹泻的发生率是哺乳犊牛的三倍。血清Ig浓度无法解释两组犊牛腹泻发生率的差异。总之，尽管首次食用初乳的时间起重要作用，但两种饲养系统中的新生犊牛获得了同等的被动免疫力。与乳头喂奶相比，开口桶喂奶可能会增加持续性腹泻的发生率。
