Anouti A, Koller W C
Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
Neurol Clin. 1996 Feb;14(1):169-82. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70248-6.
The diagnosis of movement disorders is essentially clinical. Work-up depends on patient age, part of the body affected, drug response, and presence of other systemic or neurologic symptoms and signs. Typical Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and tics need only minimal work-up if any. Brain magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography, positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, and DNA studies are promising diagnostic tools. Exclusion of Wilson's disease and neuroacanthocytosis is emphasized in children and young adults with movement disorders.
运动障碍的诊断本质上是临床诊断。检查取决于患者年龄、受累身体部位、药物反应以及是否存在其他全身或神经系统症状和体征。典型的帕金森病、特发性震颤和抽动症若需要检查的话，也只需进行最少的检查。脑磁共振成像/计算机断层扫描、正电子发射断层扫描和单光子发射计算机断层扫描以及DNA研究都是很有前景的诊断工具。对于患有运动障碍的儿童和年轻人，强调要排除肝豆状核变性和神经棘红细胞增多症。
