Busheé G R, Sunshine J H, Chan W C, Shaffer K A
Research Department, American College of Radiology, Reston, VA 20191, USA.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996 Aug;167(2):303-9. doi: 10.2214/ajr.167.2.8686591.
The American College of Radiology sought to assess the hiring activities of radiology groups in 1995, the 1995 employment market for diagnostic radiologists and radiation oncologists, and changes in the employment market since 1991.
We mailed surveys about recruitment and hiring to a stratified random sample of 600 radiology groups in the United States; 85% responded. The responses were weighted to show what they would have been if all of the approximately 3150 radiology groups in the United States had answered the survey. The findings were compared with similar surveys conducted in 1994 and 1991.
In 1995, 31% (+/- 1% [SE]) of radiology groups actively recruited diagnostic radiologists or radiation oncologists, seeking to fill 1423 (+/- 119) openings. These figures represent a progressive decline from the 50% of groups recruiting and 2255 positions offered in 1991. In 1995, radiology groups filled 85% of available positions, compared with 76% in 1994 and 71% in 1991. In 1995, positions available because of expansion of radiology groups numbered 613 (+/- 73), considerably fewer than the estimated 720-position increase that takes place each year in the number of posttraining diagnostic radiologist and radiation oncologists in practice. In 1995, general diagnostic radiology accounted for approximately 48% of the full time-equivalent radiologists sought; radiation oncology, 11%; and the diagnostic subspecialties, 41%. We found few statistically significant differences among specialty and subspecialty fields in the percentage of available positions filled. Private, nonacademic groups offered 77% of their positions on a partnership track basis. Groups strongly affected by managed care recruited fewer radiologists and offered fewer expansion positions than similar groups that were less affected by managed care. However, managed care did not influence whether positions were offered on a partnership basis.
Available positions continued to decline, and the shortfall of expansion positions relative to the annual growth in the workforce may generate serious employment problems. Managed care is having a negative effect on employment opportunities for radiologists. Gaining employment remains about equally difficult, regardless of field. The approximately 200 positions that remained unfilled at the end of the 1995 hiring season did not result from a mismatch between radiologists' skills and the qualifications that radiology groups were seeking.
美国放射学会试图评估1995年放射学团体的招聘活动、1995年诊断放射科医生和放射肿瘤学家的就业市场以及自1991年以来就业市场的变化。
我们向美国600个放射学团体的分层随机样本邮寄了有关招聘的调查问卷；85%的团体做出了回应。对这些回应进行加权处理，以显示如果美国所有约3150个放射学团体都回答了调查问卷的话结果会是怎样。将这些结果与1994年和1991年进行的类似调查结果进行比较。
1995年，31%（±1%[标准误]）的放射学团体积极招聘诊断放射科医生或放射肿瘤学家，寻求填补1423个（±119个）职位空缺。这些数字表明自1991年以来呈逐步下降趋势，1991年有50%的团体进行招聘，提供2255个职位。1995年，放射学团体填补了85%的可用职位，而1994年为76%，1991年为71%。1995年，因放射学团体扩张而产生的可用职位有613个（±73个），大大少于每年实践中接受培训后的诊断放射科医生和放射肿瘤学家数量估计增加的720个职位。1995年，普通诊断放射学约占全职等效放射科医生招聘需求的48%；放射肿瘤学占11%；诊断亚专业占41%。我们发现各专业和亚专业领域在填补可用职位的百分比方面几乎没有统计学上的显著差异。私立非学术团体77%的职位提供合伙制途径。受管理式医疗严重影响的团体招聘的放射科医生较少，提供的扩张职位也比受管理式医疗影响较小的类似团体少。然而，管理式医疗并未影响职位是否以合伙制形式提供。
可用职位持续减少，扩张职位相对于劳动力每年的增长不足可能会引发严重的就业问题。管理式医疗对放射科医生的就业机会产生了负面影响。无论哪个领域，获得工作仍然同样困难。1995年招聘季结束时仍有大约200个职位未填补，并非是因为放射科医生的技能与放射学团体所寻求的资质不匹配。
