Oppen M
Abt. Regulierung von Arbeit, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung.
Gesundheitswesen. 1996 Apr;58(4):185-92.
Today, a substantial reorientation of the Public Health services in the Federal Republic of Germany is broadly seen necessary. Patterns of functional and organisational restructuring of Public Health services on the regional and the communal level are closely linked with concepts of prevention and health promotion. Hence, a number of agencies have already adopted new tasks and functions like comprehensive and transorganizational planning, coordination and evaluation as well as the establishment of new reporting systems. Presently, the transformation process from the bureaucratic mode of administering matters of health to a new Public Health orientation receives new impacts from the international "New Public Management" movement. Comparatively late, with the beginning of the 1990s, a growing number of German municipalities has introduced new concepts of administration. Local government administrations, of which the Public Health services are a part, follow the model of modern service organizations producing services in a more efficient, professionalized and consumer-oriented way. Specific elements of economising modernisation programmes like re-distribution of tasks, de-centralisation, extension of managerial capacities, setting of stimulating working conditions that provide employees with greater independence of action as well as career opportunities, are at the same time prerequisites for innovative strategies of health protection and coordination policies of Public Health services.
如今，人们普遍认为有必要对德意志联邦共和国的公共卫生服务进行重大调整。地区和社区层面公共卫生服务的功能和组织重组模式与预防和健康促进概念紧密相连。因此，一些机构已经承担了新的任务和职能，如全面的跨组织规划、协调和评估，以及建立新的报告系统。目前，从卫生事务的官僚管理模式向新的公共卫生导向的转变过程正受到国际“新公共管理”运动的新影响。相对较晚，从20世纪90年代初开始，越来越多的德国城市引入了新的管理理念。作为地方政府管理一部分的公共卫生服务，遵循现代服务组织的模式，以更高效、专业化和以消费者为导向的方式提供服务。诸如任务重新分配、权力下放、管理能力扩展、设定能为员工提供更大行动独立性和职业机会的激励性工作条件等节约型现代化方案的具体要素，同时也是公共卫生服务健康保护创新战略和协调政策的先决条件。
