Meulenbroek R G, Rosenbaum D A, Thomassen A J, Loukopoulos L D, Vaughan J
Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, The Netherlands,
Psychol Res. 1996;59(1):64-74. doi: 10.1007/BF00419834.
This report shows how a model initially developed for the control of reaching can be adapted for the control of handwriting. The main problem addressed by the model is how people can produce essentially the same written output with different effectors (e.g., the preferred or nonpreferred hand, the foot, or even the mouth). The model is based on the assumption that writers strive for invariant graphic outputs when they write with different effectors, when they write on surfaces with different orientations, or when they write large or small script; such output invariance is an essential requirement for later recognition of the written result. Given this assumption, the question is how the motor system enables the relevant effectors to generate the necessary pen strokes. The adapted model provides one possible answer to this question. It is first fully working model of multijoint activity underlying writing and related graphic tasks. We describe how the model differs from other models developed in the past, and we review the model's strengths and weaknesses.
本报告展示了一个最初为控制伸手动作而开发的模型如何能够被改编用于控制书写。该模型所解决的主要问题是，人们如何能用不同的效应器（例如，优势手或非优势手、脚，甚至嘴）产生基本相同的书写输出。该模型基于这样一种假设，即书写者在使用不同效应器书写时、在不同方向的表面上书写时、或书写大字或小字时，都力求获得不变的图形输出；这种输出不变性是后续识别书写结果的一项基本要求。基于这一假设，问题在于运动系统如何使相关效应器产生必要的笔画。改编后的模型为这个问题提供了一种可能的答案。它是首个全面运行的、用于书写及相关图形任务的多关节活动模型。我们描述了该模型与过去开发的其他模型有何不同，并审视了该模型的优缺点。
