Tarabulsy G M, Tessier R, Kappas A
School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
Psychol Bull. 1996 Jul;120(1):25-41. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.25.
In this report, the authors review studies addressing the issue of contingencies in social and nonsocial contexts during infancy. The review is divided into 4 groups of studies that suggest that (a) young infants detect contingencies unrelated to their behavior; (b) infants detect contingencies involving their behavior; (c) the study of contingency is pertinent for addressing behavioral organization within parent-infant interaction; and (d) there is a link between behavioral contingency in early infancy and global measures of socioemotional development that are predictive of social functioning at later points during childhood. Throughout the report, the pertinence of infant emotional responses during contingency-related tasks is emphasized. Finally, the authors delineate certain enduring questions regarding contingency experience in infancy and suggest ways of organizing research to address some of them.
在本报告中，作者回顾了有关婴儿期社会和非社会情境中偶然性问题的研究。该综述分为4组研究，这些研究表明：（a）幼儿能察觉到与其行为无关的偶然性；（b）婴儿能察觉到涉及其行为的偶然性；（c）偶然性研究对于解决亲子互动中的行为组织问题具有相关性；（d）婴儿早期的行为偶然性与社会情感发展的整体指标之间存在联系，这些指标可预测儿童后期的社会功能。在整个报告中，强调了与偶然性相关任务中婴儿情绪反应的相关性。最后，作者阐述了关于婴儿期偶然性体验的某些持久问题，并提出了组织研究以解决其中一些问题的方法。
