Binder S, Matte T D, Kresnow M, Houston B, Sacks J J
Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Public Health Rep. 1996 Jul-Aug;111(4):342-6.
This study was designed to estimate the percentage of young children in the United States who have been tested for lead and the percentage of dwellings in the United States in which the paint has been tested for lead.
A national random digit dial telephone survey of 5238 households was conducted in 1994. Weighted national estimates and 95% confidence intervals for outcomes of interest were calculated.
About 24% of U.S. children ages 0 to 6 years were estimated to have been tested for lead. Higher rates of testing were reported for children living in homes constructed prior to 1960, those living in homes with low household income, those living in rental units, and those living in the Northeast. Lead paint testing was performed for only an estimated 9% of U.S. housing units. Older homes were not more likely to have been tested than newer ones.
A high proportion of pre-school children have apparently not been screened for lead exposure, even among subgroups at increased risk. Most dwellings of pre-school children have not been tested for lead paint. These data suggest that most at-risk children are not being reached by current approaches to lead poisoning prevention.
本研究旨在估算美国接受过铅检测的幼儿比例以及美国对油漆进行过铅检测的住宅比例。
1994年对5238户家庭进行了全国随机数字拨号电话调查。计算了感兴趣结果的加权全国估计值和95%置信区间。
据估计，美国0至6岁儿童中约24%接受过铅检测。报告显示，居住在1960年以前建造房屋中的儿童、家庭收入低的儿童、居住在出租单元中的儿童以及居住在东北部的儿童检测率较高。仅约9%的美国住房单元进行过含铅油漆检测。旧房屋接受检测的可能性并不比新房屋更高。
显然，很大一部分学龄前儿童尚未接受铅暴露筛查，即使是在风险增加的亚组中也是如此。大多数学龄前儿童居住的房屋尚未进行含铅油漆检测。这些数据表明，当前预防铅中毒的方法未能覆盖大多数高危儿童。
