Buga G A, Amoko D H, Ncayiyana D J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Univeralty of Transkei, Umtata, E. Cape.
S Afr Med J. 1996 May;86(5):523-7.
To determine the patterns of sexual maturation, sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and reproductive health among Transkeian adolescents.
Cross-sectional descriptive study, using self administered questionnaires.
Twenty-six schools in 22 rural districts of the Transkei region of the Eastern Cape.
Standard 5, 6 and 7 pupils of both sexes.
Demographic and social characteristics, maturational and sexual behavioural milestones, and the prevalence of contraceptive use, pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Data from 1,072 girls and 903 boys were analysed. The mean ages (+/-SD) of the girls and boys were 15.29 +/- 1.89 and 16.25 +/- 2.05 years, respectively. Menarche and semenarche occurred at 13.90 +/- 1.23 and 15.12 +/- 1.58 years in girls and boys, respectively. Overall, 76% of the girls and 90.1% of the boys in this survey were already sexually experienced. The age of initiation of sexual activity was positively correlated with the age of first dating and the age of menarche and semenarche. The boys initiated sexual activity at an earlier age (13.43 v. 14.86 years, P = 0.0000), had sexual intercourse more regularly (61.6% v. 42.3%, P = 0.0000) and more frequently, and had more lifetime sexual partners (mean of 3.27 v. 1.35, P = 0.0000) than the girls did. Nearly twice as many sexually experienced boys as girls had a history of STD (48% v. 25%, P = 0.0000) and, of these, 19.1% of the boys and 6.5% of the girls had a history of genital ulcer disease. The prevalence of whether contraceptives had ever been used was only 23% among sexually experienced girls and, of these, only 19.4% used condoms. Surprisingly, 62.1% of the sexually experienced boys had used condoms, and of these nearly one-third enjoyed using them. The prevalence of adolescent schoolgirl pregnancy was 31.3%.
Sexual maturation occurs at an earlier age than previously among rural Transkeian adolescents. This is associated with early initiation and a high level of sexual activity, low contraceptive usage, and a high rate of adolescent pregnancy and STDs, which therefore expose adolescents to a high risk of HIV infection.
确定特兰斯凯地区青少年的性成熟模式、性行为、避孕措施及生殖健康状况。
采用自填式问卷的横断面描述性研究。
东开普省特兰斯凯地区22个农村区的26所学校。
五、六、七年级的男女学生。
人口统计学和社会特征、成熟和性行为里程碑，以及避孕措施使用、怀孕和性传播疾病（STD）的患病率。
对1072名女孩和903名男孩的数据进行了分析。女孩和男孩的平均年龄（±标准差）分别为15.29±1.89岁和16.25±2.05岁。女孩月经初潮和男孩首次遗精的年龄分别为13.90±1.23岁和15.12±1.58岁。总体而言，本次调查中76%的女孩和90.1%的男孩已有性经历。开始性活动的年龄与首次约会年龄、月经初潮和首次遗精年龄呈正相关。男孩开始性活动的年龄更早（13.43岁对14.86岁，P = 0.0000），性交更频繁（61.6%对42.3%，P = 0.0000），性伴侣更多（平均3.27个对1.35个，P = 0.0000）。有性经历的男孩感染STD的比例几乎是女孩的两倍（48%对25%，P = 0.0000），其中19.1%的男孩和6.5%的女孩有生殖器溃疡病史。有性经历的女孩中，曾使用过避孕措施的比例仅为23%，其中仅19.4%使用避孕套。令人惊讶 的是，62.1%有性经历的男孩使用过避孕套，其中近三分之一喜欢使用。青春期女学生怀孕的患病率为31.3%。
特兰斯凯农村地区青少年的性成熟年龄比以前提前了。这与性活动开始早、性活动水平高、避孕措施使用率低以及青少年怀孕和STD发生率高有关，因此使青少年面临感染艾滋病毒的高风险。
