Sivertsen B, Clench-Aas J
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
Toxicol Lett. 1996 Aug;86(2-3):143-53. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(96)83201-2.
The need for assessing air pollution exposure on the individual and population levels is urgent, as health effects are observed at concentrations even below existing air quality guidelines (AQG). Typical European concentrations and trends over time of four main air quality indicators (nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) are presented, together with their revised WHO AQG. In order to describe concentrations of pollutants each individual and population groups are exposed to, methods have been developed that estimate these concentrations using different forms of modelling. The EXPO model, developed to assess European exposure to air quality contaminants, estimates exceedances of AQG in many European cities and serves as an initial step in estimating European population exposure. Individual pollution exposure is estimated by measuring/estimating pollution concentrations at the home and/or by following and integrating exposure in different micro-environments. Examples of these methods are presented.
在个体和人群层面评估空气污染暴露的需求十分迫切，因为即使在浓度低于现有空气质量准则（AQG）的情况下也能观察到健康影响。本文介绍了欧洲四种主要空气质量指标（二氧化氮、二氧化硫、臭氧和颗粒物）的典型浓度及随时间的变化趋势，以及世界卫生组织修订后的AQG。为了描述个体和人群所接触的污染物浓度，已开发出利用不同形式的建模来估算这些浓度的方法。为评估欧洲人对空气质量污染物的暴露而开发的EXPO模型，估算出许多欧洲城市AQG的超标情况，并作为估算欧洲人群暴露的第一步。通过测量/估算家庭中的污染浓度和/或跟踪并整合不同微环境中的暴露情况来估算个体污染暴露。文中给出了这些方法的示例。
