Schwela D
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Toxicol Lett. 1996 Aug;86(2-3):131-42. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(96)03684-3.
Trends of air pollutant concentrations that influence the incidence of respiratory diseases and might be influential for respiratory hypersensitivity are presented and discussed. Data for these trends are collected in UNEP/WHO's Global Environmental Monitoring System GEMS/Air which recently has been revitalized and redirected to become a tool for providing the information necessary for rational air quality management. Data are interpreted with respect to WHO's most recent air quality guidelines, which are an update of the air quality guidelines for Europe published in 1987. A WHO study on the global disease burden and the contribution of air pollution to it is discussed and global estimates of mortality resulting from air pollution through sulphur dioxide and suspended particulate matter, by different economic regions, are given. Starting from the air quality guidelines still valid at the time of publication of the update, about 460,000 excess deaths globally are due to suspended particulate matter and about 370,000 to sulphur dioxide.
本文呈现并讨论了影响呼吸道疾病发病率且可能对呼吸道过敏症有影响的空气污染物浓度趋势。这些趋势的数据收集于联合国环境规划署/世界卫生组织的全球环境监测系统空气质量监测项目（GEMS/Air），该项目最近进行了重振和重新定位，成为提供合理空气质量管理所需信息的工具。数据参照世界卫生组织最新的空气质量准则进行解读，该准则是1987年发布的欧洲空气质量准则的更新版本。本文还讨论了世界卫生组织关于全球疾病负担以及空气污染对其贡献的一项研究，并给出了不同经济区域因二氧化硫和悬浮颗粒物造成空气污染导致的全球死亡人数估计值。从更新版发布时仍然有效的空气质量准则来看，全球约46万例额外死亡归因于悬浮颗粒物，约37万例归因于二氧化硫。
