Polkinghorne D E
Division of Counseling Psychology, School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0031, USA.
Am J Occup Ther. 1996 Apr;50(4):299-305. doi: 10.5014/ajot.50.4.299.
Basic to occupational engagement is a person's personal power to author choices. Impairment in functioning moves some clients from an agentic identity of self to a victimic identity. The change in identity causes previously self-directed clients to adopt a passive and acquiescent stance toward their lives. The recovery of occupational functioning includes the restoration of the person's sense of agency. Recent developments in self theory emphasize the self as a process rather than a substance or thing. Narrative is the discourse mode most able to express identity as a process. Victimic identity is manifest in a self-story in which protagonists have lost power to affect change in their lives; agentic identity is manifest in self-stories of active agency. A study of clients' rehabilitation by Cochran and Laub found that clients' change from victimic to agentic identity moves through four phases: incompleteness, positioning, actualizing, and completion.
职业参与的基础是个人做出选择的个人能力。功能受损会使一些客户从自主的自我身份转变为受害者身份。身份的转变导致以前自我导向的客户对自己的生活采取被动和顺从的态度。职业功能的恢复包括恢复个人的能动性意识。自我理论的最新发展强调自我是一个过程，而不是一种实体或事物。叙事是最能够将身份表达为一个过程的话语模式。受害者身份体现在一个自我故事中，其中主人公失去了影响生活变化的能力；自主身份体现在积极能动性的自我故事中。科克伦和劳布对客户康复的一项研究发现，客户从受害者身份转变为自主身份经历四个阶段：不完整、定位、实现和完成。
