Rosenberg S A
Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 1996;47:481-91. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.481.
Cellular immune reactions play a major role in the host reaction to growing cancers. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can be isolated from melanomas and can specifically recognize unique tumor antigens. The adoptive transfer of TIL plus interleukin-2 can mediate tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma. TIL capable of mediating tumor regression have been used to clone and sequence a variety of the genes that encode the tumor-regression antigens recognized by these TIL. This information has opened new opportunities for the development of cancer immunotherapies. These gene products can be used to generate lymphocytes, in vitro, with improved antitumor activity for use in adoptive transfer. Active immunization can be performed using either the immunodominant peptides present in these proteins or by incorporating the tumor antigen genes into recombinant viruses. Cancer vaccine trials using many of these approaches have recently begun. Attempts to apply a similar strategy to epithelial tumors such as breast and ovarian cancer are underway.
细胞免疫反应在宿主对不断生长的癌症的反应中起主要作用。肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）可从黑色素瘤中分离出来，并能特异性识别独特的肿瘤抗原。TIL加白细胞介素-2的过继性转移可介导转移性黑色素瘤患者的肿瘤消退。能够介导肿瘤消退的TIL已被用于克隆和测序多种编码这些TIL识别的肿瘤消退抗原的基因。这一信息为癌症免疫疗法的发展开辟了新的机会。这些基因产物可用于在体外产生具有更强抗肿瘤活性的淋巴细胞，用于过继性转移。可以使用这些蛋白质中存在的免疫显性肽或通过将肿瘤抗原基因整合到重组病毒中来进行主动免疫。最近已经开始使用许多这些方法进行癌症疫苗试验。正在尝试将类似的策略应用于上皮性肿瘤，如乳腺癌和卵巢癌。
