Augustine P C, Danforth H D
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
Avian Dis. 1995 Oct-Dec;39(4):709-17.
Repeated oral inoculation of turkey poults with large doses (1 x 10(6) oocysts) of the chicken coccidia, Eimeria tenella or E. acervulina, failed to prevent weight loss, poor feed conversion, and intestinal pathology in turkeys challenged with the turkey coccidium, E. adenoeides. Invasion by E. tenella in turkeys was significantly greater than invasion by E. adenoeides in chickens; by 24 hr postinoculation (PI), the numbers of E. tenella and E. adenoeides sporozoites in the ceca had decreased markedly as compared with the numbers that initially invaded, and they did not differ significantly from each other. At 24 hr PI, however, transfer of cecal scrapings from chickens or turkeys inoculated with E. adenoeides produced infection in 53% of the recipient turkeys, but transfer of scrapings from either chickens or turkeys inoculated with E. tenella failed to produce infection in 20 attempts with recipient chickens. Cultured chicken peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) that were inoculated with E. adenoeides sporozoites contained numerous vesicles that were recognized by the refractile body-specific monoclonal antibody 1209; the number of vesicles was markedly decreased in PBM cultures inoculated with gamma-irradiated E. adenoeides sporozoites. Very few vesicles were detected in the cytoplasm of turkey PBMs that contained E. tenella sporozoites, and none were detected in turkey PBMs containing E. adenoeides sporozoites. The survival of infective sporozoites, along with the secretion of refractile body antigen, may be more critical to the development of cross-species immunity than the number of sporozoites that initially invade the foreign host.
用大剂量（1×10⁶个卵囊）的鸡球虫，即柔嫩艾美耳球虫或堆型艾美耳球虫反复经口接种火鸡雏，未能预防受到火鸡球虫腺状艾美耳球虫攻击的火鸡体重减轻、饲料转化率低下和肠道病变。柔嫩艾美耳球虫对火鸡的侵袭明显大于腺状艾美耳球虫对鸡的侵袭；接种后24小时（PI），盲肠中柔嫩艾美耳球虫和腺状艾美耳球虫子孢子的数量与最初侵入的数量相比显著减少，且两者之间无显著差异。然而，在接种后24小时，将接种腺状艾美耳球虫的鸡或火鸡的盲肠刮片转移，可使53%的受体火鸡感染，但将接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫的鸡或火鸡的刮片转移，在对受体鸡进行的20次尝试中均未导致感染。接种腺状艾美耳球虫子孢子的培养鸡外周血单核细胞（PBMs）含有许多被折射体特异性单克隆抗体1209识别的囊泡；接种经γ射线照射的腺状艾美耳球虫子孢子的PBM培养物中囊泡数量明显减少。在含有柔嫩艾美耳球虫子孢子的火鸡PBMs细胞质中检测到的囊泡极少，在含有腺状艾美耳球虫子孢子的火鸡PBMs中未检测到囊泡。感染性子孢子的存活以及折射体抗原的分泌，可能比最初侵入异种宿主的子孢子数量对跨物种免疫的发展更为关键。
