Gosman-Hedström G, Sonn U, Aniansson A
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Aging (Milano). 1995 Oct;7(5):371-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03324348.
As part of the well-known population study of 70-year olds in Gothenburg, 1239 persons at the age of 70 were invited to participate in an extensive investigation and Inter-Vention program of the Elderly in Gothenburg (IVEG). The probands were examined at the ages of 70, 73 and 76 years. The purpose of this study is to describe different kinds of services and informal support in the daily life activities among three large groups of people in their seventies. A cross-sectional study design was chosen in order to get as large groups as possible. A home call was made by an experienced occupational therapist, who interviewed and observed the probands' performance in the daily life activities. The probands and their relatives were asked about the extent of different services and informal support. Personal and home assistance care given by relatives almost doubled between the age of 70 and 76 years. Help organized by the Social Welfare Services only increased marginally. Of the personal activities of daily living (ADL), getting in/out of a bathtub was the activity that caused most problems. The most common walking aid was a stick or a crutch, while use of a wheelchair was quite uncommon. Between the age of 70 and 76 years, the use of the Handicap Transport Service more than doubled. This study shows that at the age of about 73 years the elderly should be offered formal support, such as the supply of assistive devices. What is noteworthy is that the help from relatives and friends increased much more than the help from the Social Welfare Services between the age of 70 and 76 years. At present, relatives and friends assist the elderly in their homes to a large extent, and frequently. Relatives are doing an important job for their elderly and for society, and should be given every possible kind of public support and relief in order to have the strength to continue.
作为哥德堡一项著名的针对70岁老人的人口研究的一部分，1239名70岁的老人被邀请参与一项关于哥德堡老年人的广泛调查和干预项目（IVEG）。这些研究对象在70岁、73岁和76岁时接受了检查。本研究的目的是描述三组七十多岁的人群在日常生活活动中所接受的不同类型的服务和非正式支持。为了获得尽可能大的样本组，选择了横断面研究设计。由一位经验丰富的职业治疗师进行家访，该治疗师对研究对象在日常生活活动中的表现进行访谈和观察。研究对象及其亲属被问及不同服务和非正式支持的程度。亲属提供的个人和家庭协助护理在70岁至76岁之间几乎增加了一倍。社会福利服务机构组织的帮助仅略有增加。在日常生活活动（ADL）的个人活动中，进出浴缸是造成问题最多的活动。最常见的助行器是手杖或拐杖，而轮椅的使用则相当少见。在70岁至76岁之间，残障运输服务的使用增加了一倍多。这项研究表明，在大约73岁时，应该为老年人提供正式支持，比如提供辅助设备。值得注意的是，在70岁至76岁之间，亲属和朋友提供的帮助比社会福利服务机构提供的帮助增加得更多。目前，亲属和朋友在很大程度上经常在家中协助老年人。亲属正在为他们的老年亲属和社会做一项重要工作，应该给予他们各种可能的公共支持和救济，以便他们有力量继续下去。
