Constable P D, Gohar H M, Morin D E, Thurmon J C
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 1996 Jan;57(1):97-104.
To determine effectiveness of a new and practical method for fluid resuscitation of dehydrated diarrheic calves.
Animals randomly allocated to 4 groups with appropriate controls.
16 healthy male dairy calves, 3 to 6 days old.
After instrumentation and recording baseline data, diarrhea and hypovolemia were induced by administering milk replacer (33 ml/kg of body weight) and isotonic sucrose solution (2 g of sucrose in 19.5 ml of water/kg, PO) every 8 hours, and furosemide (2 mg/kg, IM) every 4 to 8 hours. Administration of milk replacer and furosemide was discontinued when calves became 6% dehydrated. Calves were then randomly allocated as: control (no treatment); hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) solution (4 ml/kg, 2,400 mOsm/L NaCl in 6% dextran-70, administered once over 4 minutes, IV); isotonic alkalinizing oral electrolyte solution (55 ml/kg, PO, q 8 h); and HSD-oral electrolyte solution (combination of HSD and oral treatments). Calves were monitored for 24 hours after treatment.
Significant changes included moderate dehydration (8% body weight), marked lethargy, decreased cardiac output and plasma volume, and increased blood lactate concentration, hematocrit, and serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, sodium, and phosphate. Control calves continued to be lethargic and dehydrated, with significant increases in hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration. Increase in cardiac output and plasma volume was transient in the HSD group and waned by 2 to 8 hours after treatment. Oral electrolyte fluid administration caused slow and sustained increase in cardiac output and plasma volume, and decrease in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and hematocrit. Combined administration of HSD-oral electrolyte solution caused immediate and sustained increase in cardiac output and plasma volume, and decrease in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and hematocrit.
Treatment of hypovolemic diarrheic calves with IV HSD and oral electrolyte solution is superior to administration of either solution alone.
确定一种用于脱水腹泻犊牛液体复苏的新实用方法的有效性。
将动物随机分为4组并设置适当对照。
16头3至6日龄健康雄性奶牛犊。
在安装仪器并记录基线数据后，每8小时给予代乳品（33毫升/千克体重）和等渗蔗糖溶液（19.5毫升水中含2克蔗糖/千克体重，口服），每4至8小时给予呋塞米（2毫克/千克体重，肌肉注射），诱导腹泻和血容量不足。当犊牛脱水达6%时停止给予代乳品和呋塞米。然后将犊牛随机分为：对照组（不治疗）；高渗盐水-右旋糖酐（HSD）溶液组（4毫升/千克体重，2400毫渗量/升氯化钠溶于6%右旋糖酐-70，4分钟内静脉注射一次）；等渗碱化口服电解质溶液组（55毫升/千克体重，口服，每8小时一次）；以及HSD-口服电解质溶液组（HSD与口服治疗联合）。治疗后对犊牛监测24小时。
显著变化包括中度脱水（体重的8%）、明显嗜睡、心输出量和血浆量减少、血乳酸浓度、血细胞比容以及白蛋白、肌酐、钠和磷酸盐血清浓度升高。对照犊牛持续嗜睡和脱水，血细胞比容和血清肌酐浓度显著升高。HSD组心输出量和血浆量的增加是短暂的，治疗后2至8小时减弱。口服电解质液导致心输出量和血浆量缓慢且持续增加，心率、血乳酸浓度和血细胞比容降低。联合给予HSD-口服电解质溶液导致心输出量和血浆量立即且持续增加，心率、血乳酸浓度和血细胞比容降低。
静脉注射HSD和口服电解质溶液治疗低血容量腹泻犊牛优于单独使用任何一种溶液。
