Ranish J A, Hahn S
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1996 Apr;6(2):151-8. doi: 10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80044-x.
Much progress has been made in the past few years in understanding the mechanism and regulation of mRNA synthesis. This rapid progress has largely been due to the availability of cloned genes encoding components of the transcription machinery. Structural and biochemical studies are rapidly defining the architecture of components in the transcription complex. Highly purified biochemical systems are beginning to elucidate the role of the individual initiation factors. The identification of a large complex that contains a polymerase, termed holoenzyme, has provided a new way of thinking about how the transcription complex assembles at a promoter. The mechanism of transcription stimulation by activators is beginning to be unraveled but still appears to be a complex process. Finally, analyses of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control and transcription have revealed similarities between transcription and other forms of cell regulation.
在过去几年里，我们对mRNA合成的机制和调控的理解取得了很大进展。这一快速进展很大程度上归功于编码转录机制组件的克隆基因的可用性。结构和生化研究正在迅速确定转录复合物中各组件的结构。高度纯化的生化系统开始阐明各个起始因子的作用。一种包含聚合酶的大型复合物（称为全酶）的鉴定，为思考转录复合物如何在启动子处组装提供了一种新的思路。激活剂刺激转录的机制开始被揭示，但似乎仍然是一个复杂的过程。最后，对参与DNA修复、细胞周期控制和转录的基因的分析揭示了转录与其他细胞调控形式之间的相似性。
