Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function.

Superior performance by women on a task requiring object location memory has challenged the traditional view that men excel on all spatial tasks. Sexual orientation is also associated with variation in cognitive ability pattern, but such association appears to be more consistent for a real-world targetting task than for paper-and-pencil spatial tests. Finally, there is increasing evidence that early exposure to sex hormones has lasting effects on problem-solving behaviour; moreover, current fluctuations in sex hormones in both men and women are associated with changes in cognitive pattern.