Kubitz K A, Landers D M, Petruzzello S J, Han M
Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA.
Sports Med. 1996 Apr;21(4):277-91. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199621040-00004.
Studies attempting to ascertain the effects of acute and chronic exercise on measures of sleep have yielded conflicting results and interpretations. Methodological differences among studies may explain this lack of consensus; however, small sample sizes and subsequently low statistical power may also have contributed. In an attempt to resolve these issues, this review used meta-analytical techniques to: (a) re-examine the effects of exercise on sleep; and (b) examine possible moderators of these effects. Studies meeting the selection criteria were included in the analysis. Analyses of moderating factors were performed for stage 4 sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The results indicated that acute and chronic exercise increased slow wave sleep (SWS) and total sleep time but decreased sleep onset latency and REM sleep. Moderating variables influencing the magnitude and direction of these effects were related to characteristics of the individual (e.g. sex, age, fitness level) and the exercise (e.g. time of day exercise was completed, type of exercise, exercise duration). Mechanisms which have been suggested to explain the relationship between exercise and sleep are discussed and directions for further research are provided.
旨在确定急性和慢性运动对睡眠指标影响的研究得出了相互矛盾的结果和解释。研究之间的方法学差异可能解释了这种缺乏共识的情况；然而，样本量小以及随之而来的统计效力低也可能起到了一定作用。为了解决这些问题，本综述采用荟萃分析技术来：(a) 重新审视运动对睡眠的影响；以及 (b) 研究这些影响可能的调节因素。符合选择标准的研究被纳入分析。对慢波睡眠第4阶段和快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠进行了调节因素分析。结果表明，急性和慢性运动增加了慢波睡眠 (SWS) 和总睡眠时间，但减少了入睡潜伏期和REM睡眠。影响这些效应大小和方向的调节变量与个体特征（如性别、年龄、健康水平）和运动特征（如运动完成的时间、运动类型、运动持续时间）有关。讨论了已提出的解释运动与睡眠之间关系的机制，并提供了进一步研究的方向。
