Jansari A, Parkin A J
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom.
Psychol Aging. 1996 Mar;11(1):85-91. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.11.1.85.
Two experiments explore the reminiscence bump (RB)--the disproportionately higher recall of early-life memories--by older adults. In Experiment 1, participants in the age ranges of 36-40, 46-50, and 56-60 recalled events freely or under instructions to avoid recent memories. Constraint did not affect older participants but resulted in the appearance of an RB in younger participants. In Experiment 2, recall was constrained to particular life periods. Memories from these periods were compared for ease of retrieval and along subjective dimensions (e.g. vividness). Memories from early life were more easily retrieved, but this was not due to differences in subjective qualities. A higher proportion of memories for first-time events were identified from early life, and these memories were more easily retrievable. The results are discussed in relation to an existing model of autobiographical memory, and a revised model is put forward.
两项实验探究了老年人的记忆隆起现象（RB）——即对早年记忆的回忆比例异常偏高。在实验1中，年龄在36 - 40岁、46 - 50岁和56 - 60岁的参与者自由回忆事件，或在接到避免回忆近期记忆的指令下进行回忆。限制条件对老年参与者没有影响，但在年轻参与者中导致了记忆隆起现象的出现。在实验2中，回忆被限定在特定的人生阶段。对这些阶段的记忆在检索难易程度和主观维度（如生动程度）方面进行了比较。早年的记忆更容易被检索到，但这并非由于主观特质的差异。从早年记忆中识别出的首次经历事件的比例更高，并且这些记忆更容易被检索到。研究结果结合现有的自传体记忆模型进行了讨论，并提出了一个修订模型。
