Boden L I
Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):346-52. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199604)29:4<346::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-1.
Public health scientists have produced valuable research about the epidemiology of occupational hazards, their measurement, and engineering controls. Still, many firms do not apply available knowledge to eliminate workplace hazards. Occupational safety and health policy research helps to bridge the gap between current scientific understanding and effective public policies. It focuses on four areas: (1) primary prevention policies, including standards focusing on controlling specific hazards, standards requiring health and safety programs, surveillance, education and training, targeting of enforcement, and nonregulatory safety incentives; (2) secondary prevention policies, including medical care, vocational rehabilitation, and laws and regulations fostering reemployment of injured workers; (3) compensation policies, including the range and level of medical benefits and income benefits to injured workers; and (4) behavioral responses to policies that lead to unintended consequences. This article provides examples of existing research in these areas and discusses the direction of future occupational safety and health policy evaluation research.
公共卫生科学家们已经开展了关于职业危害的流行病学、危害测量以及工程控制等方面的宝贵研究。然而，许多公司并未运用现有的知识来消除工作场所的危害。职业安全与健康政策研究有助于弥合当前科学认知与有效的公共政策之间的差距。它聚焦于四个领域：（1）一级预防政策，包括针对控制特定危害的标准、要求制定健康与安全计划的标准、监测、教育与培训、执法目标以及非监管性安全激励措施；（2）二级预防政策，包括医疗护理、职业康复以及促进受伤工人再就业的法律法规；（3）补偿政策，包括给予受伤工人的医疗福利和收入福利的范围及水平；（4）对导致意外后果的政策的行为反应。本文提供了这些领域现有研究的实例，并探讨了未来职业安全与健康政策评估研究的方向。
