Ritchie P A, Bargelloni L, Meyer A, Taylor J A, Macdonald J A, Lambert D M
School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1996 Apr;5(2):383-90. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0033.
The subfamily of fishes Trematominae is endemic to the subzero waters of antarctica and is part of the longer notothenioid radiation. Partial mitochondrial sequences from the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and a phylogeny for 10 trematomid species are presented. As has been previously suggested, two taxa, Trematomus scotti and T. newnesi, do not appear to be part of the main trematomid radiation. The genus Pagothenia is nested within the genus Trematomus and has evolved a unique cyropelagic existence, an association with pack ice. Using a mitochondrial rRNA molecular clock rate of 0.14% transversion changes per million years, the average age of the trematomids is estimated at 3.4 million years (MY). If the age of the trematomids is approximately 3.4 MY, this group could have speciated during the period of deglaciation in Antarctica 2.5-4.8 million years ago. This era was marked by significant changes on the Antarctic shores, such as the opening of fjords, which might have provided a stimulus for specification.
南极鱼亚科鱼类是南极亚零度水域特有的，是更广泛的南极鱼辐射的一部分。本文展示了来自12S和16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因的部分线粒体序列以及10种南极鱼亚科鱼类的系统发育情况。正如之前所提出的，两个分类单元，即斯科特氏南极鱼和纽氏南极鱼，似乎并非南极鱼亚科主要辐射的一部分。帕戈氏南极鱼属嵌套在南极鱼属内，并进化出了独特的冰上远洋生存方式，即与浮冰的关联。利用线粒体rRNA分子钟速率为每百万年0.14%的颠换变化，南极鱼亚科鱼类的平均年龄估计为340万年。如果南极鱼亚科鱼类的年龄约为340万年，那么这个群体可能在250万至480万年前南极洲的冰川消退时期形成了物种分化。这个时期在南极海岸有显著变化，如峡湾的形成，这可能为物种形成提供了刺激。
