Shapiro J, Lenahan P
Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Fam Med. 1996 Apr;28(4):249-55.
Using cultural sensitivity in the training of family practice residents generally results in positive consequences for patient care. However, certain potential problems associated with cross-cultural educational efforts deserve examination, including patient stereotyping, assumptive bias, and the confounding of ethnicity with class and socioeconomic status. Even awareness of these pitfalls may not guarantee physician avoidance of other barriers to effective patient care, such as communication difficulties, diagnostic inaccuracies, and unintentional patient exploitation. Despite these complications, future family physicians must continue to participate in educational activities that increase sensitivity toward and understanding of patients of different ethnicities. This article discusses certain features characteristic of the ways in which cultural variables operate in the doctor-patient encounter and identifies specific ways in which residents can successfully elicit and use cultural knowledge to enhance patient care.
在家庭医学住院医师培训中运用文化敏感性通常会给患者护理带来积极影响。然而，与跨文化教育努力相关的某些潜在问题值得审视，包括对患者的刻板印象、假设性偏见，以及将种族与阶层和社会经济地位混淆。即便意识到这些陷阱，也未必能保证医生避免有效患者护理的其他障碍，如沟通困难、诊断不准确以及无意的患者剥削。尽管存在这些复杂情况，未来的家庭医生仍必须继续参与教育活动，以增强对不同种族患者的敏感性和理解。本文讨论了文化变量在医患互动中运作方式的某些特征，并确定了住院医师能够成功获取并运用文化知识以改善患者护理的具体方法。
