Dennerstein L
Key Centre for Women's Health in Society, University of Melbourne, Carlton Vic, Australia.
Maturitas. 1996 Mar;23(2):147-57. doi: 10.1016/0378-5122(95)00970-1.
This paper reviews the knowledge accumulated from published population studies of health and ill-health experiences during the menopausal transition.
Well-being: mid-aged women are more likely to report positive moods than negative moods. Well-being is not associated with menopausal status but is associated with current health status, psychosocial and lifestyle variables.
SYMPTOMS vary greatly across cultures, with North American and European samples reporting higher rates of symptoms than Asian women. The most symptomatic women in the North American samples and Australian studies are those whose menstrual cycles have changed. Vasomotor symptoms increase through the menopausal transition. Other variables such as socio-demographic, health status, stress, premenstrual complaints, attitudes to ageing and menopause, and health behaviors are associated with the occurrence of symptoms. Psychological complaints: There is no increase in the incidence of major depression with the menopause. Negative moods are not associated with the natural menopausal transition. Factors associated with negative moods include surgical menopause, prior depression, health status, menstrual problems, social and family stressors and negative attitudes to menopause. Sexuality: Several studies suggest a decline in sexual functioning associated with menopausal status rather than ageing. Social factors and health status factors are also associated with sexual outcomes.
Future research should bring together biomedical and sociological aspects. Positive aspects of health should be assessed as well as troubling symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed with measures of hormonal change. Promoting positive attitudes to ageing and menopause, health lifestyles and stress reduction can be used as community interventions and as part of individual care.
本文回顾了已发表的关于更年期过渡期间健康与疾病经历的人群研究中积累的知识。
幸福感：中年女性更有可能报告积极情绪而非消极情绪。幸福感与更年期状态无关，但与当前健康状况、心理社会和生活方式变量有关。
症状在不同文化中差异很大，北美和欧洲样本报告的症状发生率高于亚洲女性。北美样本和澳大利亚研究中症状最明显的女性是月经周期发生变化的女性。血管舒缩症状在更年期过渡期间会增加。其他变量，如社会人口统计学、健康状况、压力、经前不适、对衰老和更年期的态度以及健康行为，与症状的发生有关。心理问题：更年期期间重度抑郁症的发病率没有增加。消极情绪与自然绝经过渡无关。与消极情绪相关的因素包括手术绝经、既往抑郁症、健康状况、月经问题、社会和家庭压力源以及对更年期的消极态度。性功能：几项研究表明，性功能下降与更年期状态而非衰老有关。社会因素和健康状况因素也与性结果有关。
未来的研究应将生物医学和社会学方面结合起来。应评估健康的积极方面以及令人困扰的症状。需要进行纵向研究并测量激素变化。促进对衰老和更年期的积极态度、健康的生活方式以及减轻压力可作为社区干预措施以及个人护理的一部分。
