A/Rahman S H, Mohamedani A A, Mirgani E M, Ibrahim A M
University of Gezira, Faculty of Medicine, Medani, Sudan.
Soc Sci Med. 1996 May;42(10):1433-46. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00292-8.
This work was designed to study the contribution of women in central Sudan in the control and management of malaria with particular emphasis on gender-related aspects that define women's role and participation. The Blue Nile Health Project (BNHP 1980-1990) was launched in 1980 mainly for control of water associated diseases in central Sudan. The BNHP model was chosen to conduct this work. The study showed that women were actively involved in the implementation of the BNHP strategies as health instructors (murshidat) who constituted 75% of the staff of BNHP unit of health education, as members of village health committees (VHC) where they constituted 40% of the VHC members and also as recipients of the project services. All murshidat were interviewed whereas multistage random sampling for VHC members and recipient women in 40 villages was used to select a sample which was interviewed. The results showed that the murshidat and VHC women members played a major role in the motivation, organization and health education of local communities prior to campaigns of environmental sanitation and vector control. Household commitments and difficulties in communication with the public were the main gender-related factors that contributed negatively to women's activities. Cases of malaria have more considerable socio-economic impact than other common diseases, especially with regard to women's household commitments and work. Recipient women were more concerned with aspects of self protection, management of family cases of malaria and health education programmes. They were less involved in drying mosquito breeding sites and spraying activities of insecticides which had been reluctantly accepted because of allergy and bad odour. Although the majority of women considered antimalarials to be less harmful than effects of malaria itself on pregnancy, they did not realize the role of malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy. This needs more health education. The study showed that the BNHP programme was very successful in recruiting women in control and management programmes. Therefore, health planners are urged to persuade the subordinated communities of women in many African countries like Sudan to play a more active role in the health programmes and welfare of their communities.
这项工作旨在研究苏丹中部妇女在疟疾控制和管理中的贡献，特别强调界定妇女角色和参与的性别相关方面。青尼罗河健康项目（1980 - 1990年）于1980年启动，主要用于控制苏丹中部与水相关的疾病。本研究选用了青尼罗河健康项目的模式。研究表明，妇女作为健康教育的健康指导员（murshidat）积极参与了青尼罗河健康项目策略的实施，她们占健康教育青尼罗河健康项目单位工作人员的75%；作为村卫生委员会（VHC）成员，她们占村卫生委员会成员的40%；她们还是项目服务的接受者。对所有健康指导员进行了访谈，而对40个村庄的村卫生委员会成员和女性接受者采用多阶段随机抽样来选取样本并进行访谈。结果表明，健康指导员和村卫生委员会女性成员在环境卫生和病媒控制活动之前，在当地社区的动员、组织和健康教育方面发挥了主要作用。家庭责任和与公众沟通的困难是对妇女活动产生负面影响的主要性别相关因素。疟疾病例比其他常见疾病具有更显著的社会经济影响，特别是在妇女的家庭责任和工作方面。女性接受者更关注自我保护、家庭疟疾病例的管理以及健康教育项目。她们较少参与干燥蚊虫滋生地和喷洒杀虫剂的活动，因为过敏和气味难闻，她们不太愿意接受这些活动。尽管大多数妇女认为抗疟药的危害小于疟疾本身对妊娠的影响，但她们并未意识到孕期疟疾化学预防的作用。这需要更多的健康教育。研究表明，青尼罗河健康项目在招募妇女参与控制和管理项目方面非常成功。因此，敦促卫生规划者说服苏丹等许多非洲国家的妇女从属社区在其社区的健康项目和福利中发挥更积极的作用。
