Reiss W G, Oles K S
Department of Pharmacy Practice Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
Ann Pharmacother. 1996 May;30(5):514-9. doi: 10.1177/106002809603000515.
To summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of acetazolamide and to evaluate its therapeutic role in patients with epilepsy.
A computerized search of the MEDLINE (OVID) database (1966-1994) was used to identify publications regarding acetazolamide. The MEDLINE search was supplemented by information from textbooks.
Included were English-language review articles, clinical trials, cohort studies, and case reports. Topics investigated included basic pharmacology, therapeutics, toxicology, adverse reactions, dosage, administration, and pharmacokinetics of acetazolamide.
Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of epilepsy since 1953. Acetazolamide is primarily used in combination therapy with other antiepileptic medications in both children and adults although it may be used as monotherapy. Drug concentration monitoring has not been found to be routinely beneficial. Adverse effects include kidney stones, metabolic acidosis, lethargy, appetite suppression, paresthesias, and rare blood dyscrasias. Partial tolerance may develop to the antiepileptic activity.
Acetazolamide is a beneficial adjunctive agent in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy and should be considered in refractory epilepsy. Although it may be useful in partial, myoclonic, absence, and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures uncontrolled by other marketed agents, acetazolamide has been inadequately studied by current standards and its use has been limited.
总结乙酰唑胺的药理学、药代动力学、疗效及安全性，并评估其在癫痫患者中的治疗作用。
利用计算机检索MEDLINE（OVID）数据库（1966年至1994年），以识别有关乙酰唑胺的出版物。MEDLINE检索辅以教科书提供的信息。
纳入英文综述文章、临床试验、队列研究及病例报告。所研究的主题包括乙酰唑胺的基础药理学、治疗学、毒理学、不良反应、剂量、给药方式及药代动力学。
乙酰唑胺是一种碳酸酐酶抑制剂，自1953年起已被批准用于治疗癫痫。乙酰唑胺主要与其他抗癫痫药物联合用于儿童和成人，尽管它也可作为单一疗法使用。尚未发现药物浓度监测具有常规益处。不良反应包括肾结石、代谢性酸中毒、嗜睡、食欲抑制、感觉异常以及罕见的血液系统疾病。对其抗癫痫活性可能会产生部分耐受性。
乙酰唑胺是癫痫药物治疗中一种有益的辅助药物，难治性癫痫患者应考虑使用。尽管它可能对其他上市药物无法控制的部分性、肌阵挛性、失神性及原发性全身性强直阵挛性发作有用，但按照当前标准，对乙酰唑胺的研究尚不充分，其应用也受到限制。
