Schlöndorff D
Medical Policlinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Kidney Int. 1996 Jun;49(6):1583-5. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.229.
Among the multiple functions of the mesangial cell in glomerular physiology and pathophysiology, those of structural support of the capillary network, of participation in filtration regulation and in glomerular injury have attracted considerable interest. These roles are supported by studies with anti-Thy 1.1 antibody induced mesangiolysis in rats and by genetic knockout experiments of PDGF or PDGF-receptors in mice. These mice show a lack of mesangial cell development and a concomitant failure to establish a glomerular capillary network. Micropuncture experiments in the rats with mesangiolysis also provide support for a role of mesangial cells in the regulation of glomerular filtation. Numerous studies have established a contribution of mesangial cells to immunological and non-immunological injury in the glomerulus. Under many conditions this involves the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which require generation of chemotactic peptides and expression of adhesion molecules. Stimulation of mesangial cells with immune complexes and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha or IL-1 results in the release of chemokines and in the appearance of adhesion molecules on the mesangial cells. The generation of reactive oxygen species appears to play a major role in this context and involves, at least in part, the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. These results point toward mesangial cells as important participants in glomerular injury.
在肾小球生理和病理生理过程中，系膜细胞具有多种功能，其中对毛细血管网络的结构支持、参与滤过调节以及在肾小球损伤中的作用引起了广泛关注。这些作用得到了大鼠抗Thy 1.1抗体诱导的系膜溶解研究以及小鼠血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）或PDGF受体基因敲除实验的支持。这些小鼠表现出系膜细胞发育缺失以及随之而来的肾小球毛细血管网络建立失败。对系膜溶解大鼠进行的微穿刺实验也为系膜细胞在肾小球滤过调节中的作用提供了支持。大量研究证实了系膜细胞在肾小球免疫性和非免疫性损伤中的作用。在许多情况下，这涉及巨噬细胞的募集和激活，这需要趋化肽的产生和黏附分子的表达。用免疫复合物和促炎细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）或白细胞介素-1（IL-1）刺激系膜细胞会导致趋化因子的释放以及系膜细胞上黏附分子的出现。活性氧的产生似乎在这一过程中起主要作用，并且至少部分涉及转录因子核因子-κB（NF-κB）的激活。这些结果表明系膜细胞是肾小球损伤的重要参与者。
