Newman W G, Agro A D, Woodruff S I, Mayer J A
Scripps Memorial Hospitals, Stevens Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92038-0028, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;12(3):186-94.
The incidence of skin cancer in San Diego is one of the highest in the nation. Research has documented that excessive unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation over time significantly increases a person's risk for developing various types of skin cancer. Our study investigated the amount of sun exposure and the practice of sun protection among San Diegans and examined factors thought to be associated with these behaviors. In April 1994, a random sample of 864 San Diego residents was surveyed by telephone. Because most survey questions specifically asked about sun exposure and sun protection when tanning versus recreating, the analyses were presented separately for recreators (i.e., those who spent time in the sun during the hours of 8:00 am and 6:00 pm for recreation last summer; n = 786) and tanners (i.e., those who spent at least 10% of their time in the sun to get a tan last summer; n = 464), a subset of recreators. Study results indicated that on average, 27% of the tanners' time in the sun last summer was spent getting a tan, and tanners reported using sunscreen about 50% of the time on both their face and body. In terms of sun protection while recreating, survey respondents reported using sunscreen on their face approximately 40% of the time compared to approximately 30% of the time on their body. Correlates of sun exposure and sun protection for both tanners and recreators included demographic characteristics, susceptibility factors, attitudes, and knowledge. The findings from this study support the need for education on skin cancer prevention. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in terms of appropriate community skin cancer prevention interventions. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): skin cancer, sunlight, behavior.
圣地亚哥的皮肤癌发病率是美国最高的地区之一。研究表明，长期无防护地过度暴露于紫外线（UV）辐射会显著增加一个人患各种皮肤癌的风险。我们的研究调查了圣地亚哥居民的日晒量和防晒习惯，并研究了被认为与这些行为相关的因素。1994年4月，通过电话对864名圣地亚哥居民进行了随机抽样调查。由于大多数调查问题专门询问了在晒黑与休闲时的日晒和防晒情况，因此分析分别针对休闲者（即去年夏天上午8点至下午6点在阳光下进行休闲活动的人；n = 786）和晒黑者（即去年夏天至少花费10%的时间在阳光下晒黑的人；n = 464，休闲者的一个子集）进行。研究结果表明，平均而言，去年夏天晒黑者在阳光下晒黑的时间占其日晒时间的27%，并且晒黑者报告称，他们脸部和身体使用防晒霜的时间约为50%。在休闲时的防晒方面，调查对象报告称，他们脸部使用防晒霜的时间约为40%，而身体使用防晒霜的时间约为30%。晒黑者和休闲者的日晒及防晒相关因素包括人口统计学特征、易感性因素、态度和知识。这项研究的结果支持了开展皮肤癌预防教育的必要性。本文从社区皮肤癌预防的适当干预措施方面讨论了这些研究结果的实际意义。医学主题词（MeSH）：皮肤癌、阳光、行为。
